| Piglets are susceptible to weaning stress during the weaning phase,resulting in changes in the morphology of the small intestinal mucosa and weakening the barrier function of the intestinal mucosa,resulting in inflammation and diarrhea,which ultimately affects the growth of the piglets.Ellagic acid(EA)is a natural polyphenol dilactone with various biological functions.In order to explore whether adding EA to the feed has a positive effect on the intestinal mucosa morphology and intestinal mucosal barrier function of weaned piglets,60 30-day-old weaned piglets were randomly divided into 2 groups: control group(basic diet)and the experimental group(basic diet + 500g/t EA),and fed for 40 days under the same feeding and management conditions,then the daily weight gain,diarrhea rate,small intestinal villi morphology,blood diamine oxidase(DAO)activity,cell tight junction protein and inflammatory factor related gene expression in small intestinal mucosa and IPEC-J2 cell inflammation model,deferentially expressed genes in small intestinal mucosa and intestinal microbial diversity were determined.The main results are showed as follows:1.The daily gain of pigs in the experimental group were significantly increased(P<0.05),and the diarrhea rate was significantly reduced(P<0.05).The jejunum villi height and crypt depth in pigs fed EA were significantly higher and lower respectively than that in the control group(P<0.05),and the ratio of jejunum villi height/crypt depth was significantly higher in the experimental group than that in control group(P<0.05).The ileal villi height and the ratio of ileal villi height/crypt depth in the test group was significantly higher than that in the control group(P <0.05).DAO activity was significantly lower in the serum of pigs fed EA than that in the control group(P<0.05).2.The tight junction protein 1(ZO-1)gene expression in jejunum mucosa from the experimental group was significantly higher than that from control group(P<0.01).The expression of TNF-α and interleukin 6(IL-6)were significantly down-regulatedin jejunum mucosa from pigs fed EA.The IL-6 and Occludin gene expression in the ileal mucosa tissue were significantly down-regulated(P<0.05)and up-regulated(P<0.01)respectively in the the experimental group.3.The transcriptome sequencing results showed that 401 deferentially expressed genes were identified in jejunum mucosa tissue of pigs from the control group and the experimental group,of which 163 were up-regulated and 238 were down-regulated.Differential genes are enriched in multiple KEGG metabolic pathways,among which signal pathways such as Cell Cycle,Intestinal Immune Network for Ig A and Apoptosis may be related to the intestinal barrier function affected by EA.4.Microbial 16 s r DNA sequencing showed that there were intestinal flora differences between the test group and the control group,among which the significant flora abundance differences of Prevotella＿9,Lactobacillus＿delbrueckii,Megacoccus Escherichia 14-14 and Lactobacillus＿reuteri were detected between the test group and the control group(P<0.05).5.EA can significantly improve the growth of IPEC-J2 cells with LPS-induced inflammation.The optimal treatment concentration and time of LPS to induced inflammation were 10μg/m L and 24 h,respectively.The optimal treatment concentration and time of EA to improve the growth of IPEC-J2 cells with LPS-induced inflammation were 50μg/m L and 24 h,respectively.In conclusion,the results from the present study showed that ellagic acid has a function to maintain the normal small intestine morphology and barrier function,possibly by the ways to up-regulate tight protein-related genes and down-regulate the inflammation-related gene expression and to increase the abundance of beneficial bacteria flora in the intestine. |
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