Design And Experiment Of Potato Harvester In Hilly And Mountainous Area

Potato is the fourth largest commercial grain crop.In recent years,my country’s potato planting area and output have consistently ranked first in the world.The southwest hilly areas with Yun,Gui,Sichuan and Chongqing as the main areas are the main potato producing areas in my country,and their potato planting area and output account for more than half of the national total.However,the comprehensive mechanization rate in Yunnan Province is only 18.57%,and the machine yield is only 4.7%.With the proposal of potato staple food strategy,potatoes have realized the conversion of non-staple food into staple food,the conversion of raw products into commercialization,the conversion of factory products,and the consumption of services into green consumption,and gradually transformed from food crops to the fourth largest staple food crop.At present,the potato industry in Yunnan Province has initially formed a large-scale.With the continuous increase of support from the central and provincial governments,the potato industry is developing steadily,but there is currently no machine in the province that can effectively solve the problem of potato mechanized harvesting.Most of them are human and animal power,and the degree of mechanization is low.As a result,the economic benefits of potato production and harvest are low,and the industry is developing slowly.Therefore,the development of efficient potato harvesting machinery has become the key to the development of the potato industry in Yunnan Province.The realization of mechanized potato harvesting can not only improve production efficiency,reduce operating costs,and reduce labor intensity.Moreover,it can improve the quality of harvest,reduce losses,and increase income for farmers when they are fighting for agriculture.This thesis relies on the major science and technology project in Yunnan Province: "The Research and Development of Key Technologies and Equipment for the Mechanization of Mountain Potatoes".The specific research contents are as follows:(1)Field research on the agronomy and related physical parameters of representative potato production areas in Yunnan Province.Survey the agronomic requirements of potato production bases,determine the physical properties of soil and potato nuggets,and provide a theoretical basis for subsequent design.(2)Put forward the design plan of the whole machine.According to the planting agronomy of the big ridge double row in the main potato production area of Yunnan Province,the whole machine is determined to be a single ridge harvest,which is mainly composed of an excavation device,a hydraulic buffer shock absorption device,a soil cutting and vine removal device,a multi-buffer separation screen,a multi-stage vibration adjustment device,It is composed of low-level side paving device,etc.,and the working width is 900 mm.(3)Complete the design of the excavation device.The design of the digging device is to analyze and calculate the parameters of the shovel body inclination angle,shovel body width,shovel blade angle and digging width;design the split type shovel body mechanism to adjust the depth and digging angle of the shovel through the hydraulic cantilever method.(4)Complete the design of the soil potato separation device.Aiming at the problem of soil viscosity in Yunnan Province,a two-stage potato separation device is designed,and the main transmission wheel and main vibration mechanism are used as the main separation components to calculate the amplitude and frequency parameters;in order to ensure the stability of the lift chain,passive vibration is added Device,and add potato rubber sheet on the side of the rack.(5)Complete the design of low-side side-pumping potato collecting mechanism.It is mainly composed of side output frame,suspension parts,left and right lateral adjustment mechanism,side output transmission mechanism and other mechanisms.In order to improve the flexibility of the side output conveying device and achieve all-round adjustment,a suspension adjustment mechanism and a lateral adjustment mechanism are designed.(6)Complete the power transmission system design of the whole machine.Analyze and calculate the total power of the transmission components,configure and verify the transmission systems at all levels according to the needs;select the components of each transmission subsystem,calculate and determine the relevant parameters of the hydraulic motor and hydraulic cylinder,and complete the selection of the hydraulic working components.(7)Complete the static simulation analysis of the machine frame.Carry out new restraint and force load settings of each kinematic assembly of the hanger assembly for static simulation analysis;complete the lightweight design of the shovel body shaft,and improve the design of related mechanisms.(8)Trial production of prototypes,and complete the no-load and field trials of the harvester.After the processing of the prototype was completed,the no-load test of the whole machine was carried out.The test results were as follows: the shoveling operation of the potato harvester was good,and the vibration effect of the potato separation device was remarkable.A field test was carried out under the traction of a tractor.The results of the experiment showed that when the operating speed was 0.9m/s,the productivity was 0.31hm2/h,the open potato rate was 96%,the peeling rate was 2%,and the injury rate was 1.5%,All performance indexes are in line with the operation indexes of the potato harvester in the agricultural industry standard,which verifies the feasibility of the operation of the harvester in the field.