Effects Of Intra-row Covering On Vineyard Micro-environment And Wine Grape Quality In Arid Areas

The dry and low rainfall on the eastern foot of Helan,high vineyard gravel content,high summer temperature,and strong reflection ability in the mature season have caused the vineyard microclimate to be poor.In view of the vineyard microclimate and poor soil micro-environment in this production area,the problems of uncoordinated sugar-acid ratio and insufficient accumulation of aroma substances,so this study takes 7-year-old cabernet sauvignon vineyard in the eastern foot of Helan mountain in Ningxia as the object.As clear tillage is used as control,research intra-row planting Purslane,Echinochloa frumentacea coverage and Naturally grown grass coverage three way cover crop,with intra-row cover black film,wood chips and corn stover three physical covers to the orchard micro-climate,soil environment and micro domain photosynthetic characteristics,yield and quality of wine grape.It provides the scientific basis and theoretical support for the suitable cover management mode of the dry area vineyard.The main findings are as follows:(1)Intra-row coverage can effectively regulate the microclimate of the vineyard.Among them,the naturally grown grass treatment was the best in natural spring when the temperature was low in spring,which was 0.45℃ higher than that in clear tillage.In summer when the temperature is high,the Echinochloa frumentacea treatment has a better effect on regulating the air temperature,relative humidity and soil temperature near the surface of the orchard and the grape fruit zone.Compared with clear tillage,the air temperature is reduced by 1.35℃ and 1.33℃ respectively,the relative humidity is increased by 6.86%and 5.28%,and the soil temperature is reduced by 4.11℃.Each intra-row cover crop treatment.has a reducing effect on relative light intensity.Intra-row physical coverage increased the temperature of the soil by 4.92%～10.98%and 0.27%-2.78%respectively during the spring low temperature and the autumn mature period,and each cover treatment significantly reduced the soil temperature at the summer high temperature,with a decrease of 1.71%～8.76%,the effect of reducing with corn stover treatment is the best.(2)Intra-row coverage can improve the micro-domain environment of the vineyard soil to varying degrees.Intra-row cover crop increased the respiration intensity,catalase,alkaline phosphatase activity,microbial biomass carbon,nitrogen,fungi and actinomycetes of 0-60 cm soil layers to different degrees,and improved the microbial community structure,and The Portulaca oleracea and the Echinochloa frumentacea is better.The naturally grown grass treatment has a significant effect on improving soil water content,urease activity,and the number of bacteria.Among the physical coverage,the wood chips and corn stover treatments have a better effect on soil moisture,respiration,microbial biomass carbon and nitrogen,while the black film and corn stover treatments have the best effect on improving the activity of soil catalase.Compared to the clear tillage,increased by 19.71%and 24.86%.Soil urease,alkaline phosphatase,sucrase activity,fungi and actinomycetes is the best high with the wood chips treatment,compared with clear tillage,which were increased by 44.66%,9.10%,146.91%and 142.16%and 102.05%.respectively.(3)Inra-row coverage can effectively improve the photosynthetic characteristics and quality of wine grapes.Among them,purslane and naturally grown grass treatments have a good effect on improving their photosynthetic characteristics,and each cover crop grass treatment has a certain effect on increasing yield and coordinating the sugar-acid ratio.Among them,the increase in yield reached 3.32%～10.96%,and the decrease in sugar-acid ratio reached 18.83%～20.17%,respectively.The treatment effect of purslane and natural grass is better,while the Echinochloa frumentaceaand purslane treatments have a significant effect on the content of tannin,anthocyanin and total phenol.Compared with clearing tillage,the improvement was 22.98%and 13.61%,136.34%and 70.06%,4.46%and 12.55%,respectively.Intra-row physical coverage can improve the photosynthetic characteristics of grapes to varying degrees,with the wood chips treatment performing better on each of its indicators,and yield is significantly improved by the black film and wood chips treatment,which is 5.32%and 19.27%higher than tthe clear tillage,respectively.The physical coverage can also effectively adjust the sugar-acid ratio.The sugar-acid ratio decreased by 9.81%～14.84%.The corn Stover treatment significantly increased the content of anthocyanins and total phenol,which was 44.90%and 45.20%higher than that of clear tillage.The principal component analysis of soil micro-domain environment and wine grape photosynthesis and quality indicators found that the best effect was by planting Echinochloa frumentacea coverage and wood chips coverage Therefore,Echinochloa frumentacea and wood chips were the suitable covering materials for the cover crop coverage and the physical coverage in arid regions.