Experimental Study On Method And Technology Of Sporoderm-breaking Of Ganoderma Lucidum Spores Powder

Ganoderma lucidum spores powder is an ovogerm cell released by ganoderma lucidum fruity entity in the mature stage.It contains polysaccharides,triterpenes,nucleosides and other active components.Its medicinal value is higher than that of ganoderma lucidum fruity entity and mycelium.It has anti-tumor,anti-oxidation,immune regulation and other pharmacological effects.The sporoderm of Ganoderma lucidum spores powder is composed of chitin,calcium and silicon.It is very hard,and acid,alkali resistant,direct consumption is not easy to be absorbed and used.Therefore,it is of great practical significance to explore a method of breaking sporoderm with high efficiency and low loss to improve the current situation of breaking sporoderm.In this paper,three kinds of sporoderm breaking methods(high voltage pulsed electric field,freezing-thawing ultrasonic and high speed ball mill)were used to test respectively.At the same time,the rate of sporoderm-breaking,the dissolution of essential nutrients(water,crude protein,oil content,ash),active substances(polysaccharide,total triterpenoids)and antioxidant properties(DPPH·,ABTS·,FRAP)of Ganoderma lucidum spores powder before and after the broken sporoderm were measured,and the microcosmic morphological characters were observed by scanning electron microscopy,and then choosed a relatively good sporoderm-breaking process for Ganoderma lucidum spores powder,in order to provide reference for the development of Ganoderma lucidum spores powder and the application of the sporoderm breaking technology in the new field.The main conclusions are as follows:(1)The optimal technical parameters of sporoderm breaking of Ganoderma lucidum spores powder by high-voltage pulse electric field: electric field intensity 25 k V/cm,pulse width 80 μs,the number of pulses 40,000.The best technological conditions for the dissolution of active substances by freezing-thawing and ultrasonic treatment were: material to liquid ratio 1:20 g/m L,frequence of freezing and thawing 6.1,pellet ratio 3.5:1 g/g,ultrasonic time 67.8 min and ultrasonic power 340.9 W(2)The crude protein of Ganoderma lucidum spores powder after sporoderm breaking by ball mill method increased by 33.96 %,and the crude fat increased 2.94.The antioxidation ability of broken Ganoderma lucidum spores powder was significantly improved.The specific surface area of broken Ganoderma lucidum spores powder was(5.8035±0.12)m2/g,the cumulative pore volume was(0.0213±0.33)cm3/g,and the most porous diameter was(6.76±0.21)nm,indicating that the sporoderm-breaking treatment was conducive to the dissolution of nutrients of Ganoderma lucidum spores powder.(3)The effects of different sporoderm-breaking methods on the rate of sporoderm-breaking of Ganoderma lucidum spores powder and the dissolution of active substances are different.The rate of sporoderm-breaking of Ganoderma lucidum spores powder by high voltage pulsed electric field method was(66.74±0.03)%,and the dissolution of polysaccharides and total triterpenoids were(0.99±0.11)g/100 g and(1.79±0.03)g/100 g,respectively.The dissolution of polysaccharide and total triterpenes of Ganoderma lucidum spores powder by freeze-thawing and ultrasonic method were(1.53±0.09)g/100 g and(2.72±0.15)g/100 g,respectively,and the rate of sporoderm-breaking was(91.76±0.10)%.The rate of sporoderm-breaking by ball mill method was(91.66±0.12)%,and the dissolution of polysaccharides and total triterpene were(1.24±0.11)g/100 g and(2.53±0.18)g/100 g,respectively.(4)The fragments of Ganoderma lucidum spores powder after the freeze-thawing and ultrasonic method were large and few,and the outer layer of sporoderm was almost all broken,but did not drop,and the inner layer of the sporoderm was relatively smooth.Polysaccharides and total triterpenes dissolution of broken Ganoderma lucidum spores powder were the highest,which were(1.53±0.09)g/100 g and(2.72±0.15)g/100 g,respectively.Therefore,the freeze-thawing and ultrasonic method makes the rate of sporoderm-breaking as high as 90 % above,and it also can better dissolve the active substances of Ganoderma lucidum spores powder.