Four Meat Quality-related Gene Polymorphisms In Bahuai Pigs And Their Parents And Analysis Of Carcass Meat Quality In Bahuai Pigs

Introduce the excellent meat gene resources of the Huai pig female parent(Huo Shou Black Pig)from Anhui Province into the Berkshire pig lineage with high quality lean meat father,Two pig breeds were crossed to obtain F1 generation Bahuai pigs.In order to fully screen the excellent meat quality genes of Huai pig,it is a practical method to combine the meat gene candidate genes to help improve the meat quality.Taking F1 generation Bahuai pig,Berkshire pig,Huai pig(Houshou black pig)as the test object,To detect the distribution characteristics of four meaty candidate genes(HAL,FTO,H-FABP,PPARGC1A)in population genetic polymorphism,And slaughter the hybrid generation of Bahuai pigs for analysis of carcass and meat quality traits,To provide basic data such as carcass traits,muscle quality and genetic polymorphism distribution of four meat-related genes in Bahuai pigs.The aim is to provides a reference for the cultivation of Bahuai pig breeds with good meat quality and the next breeding of Bahuai pigs.The experiment yielded the following results:1.To detect the genetic polymorphisms of HAL,FTO,H-FABP and PPARGC1A genes in Bahuai pigs and their parents,Berkshire pigs and Huai pigs.The results are as follows:(1)The Bahuai pig,the Berkshire pig and the Huai pig population were in the Hardy-weinberg equilibrium state in the four genes HAL,FTO,H-FABP and PPARGC1A tested by the chi-square test;The allele frequency of the enzyme cleavage site of each gene,Bahuai pigs are between the Berkshire and Huai pigs;The polymorphic information content of Bahuai pigs in each gene-cutting site was between Berkshire and Huaizhu.(2)HAL gene HhaI restriction site in 3 pig populations,Only NN and Nn genotypes were detected,and nn homozygous genotypes were not detected,and the allele N frequency was the highest(Bahuai pig 0.9619,Berkshire pig 0.9844,Huai pig 0.9474),n lower;This locus of the three pig breeds was in a low polymorphism.(3)FTO gene BstUI restriction sites in 3 pig populations,Three genotypes(CC,CG,GG)were detected in Bahuai and Berkshire pigs,while GG homozygous genotypes were not detected in Huai pigs,with the highest frequency of allele C(Bahuai pig 0.7333,Berkshire pig 0.7188,Huai pig 0.8816),G is lower.The heterozygosity of Huai pig is low and polymorphic;the Bahuai and Berkshire pigs are moderately polymorphic.(4)The HinfI restriction site of the 5’-upstream region of the H-FABP gene in three pig populations,Three genotypes(HH,Hh,hh)were detected in all three pig breeds,all of which had the highest frequency of allele H(Bahuai pig 0.7762,Berkshire pig 0.5469,Huai pig 0.8026),lower h;This locus of the three pig breeds was moderately polymorphic.HaeⅢ restriction site in the second intron region,Three genotypes(DD,Dd,dd)were detected in Huai pig and Bahuai pig,while dd genotype was not detected in Huai pig,and all three pigs had the highest frequency of allele D(Bahuai pig 0.7619,Berkshire Pig 0.8125,Huai pig 0.6711),d lower;This locus of the three pig breeds was moderately polymorphic.MspI restriction site in the second intron region,Only three genotypes(AA,Aa)were detected in all three pig breeds,and all three pig breeds had the highest allele A frequency(Bahuai pig 0.8429,Berkshire pig 0.8125,Huai pig 0.8684),lower a;The cleavage site of Bahuai pig and Huai pig is in a low polymorphism,and the Berkshire pig is in a moderate polymorphism.(5)PPARGC1A gene DdeI restriction sites in 3 pig populations,Three genotypes(GG,AG,AA)were detected in all three pig breeds,and the A allele frequency of Berkshire pig(0.6250)and Bahuai pig(0.5810)was high,and the G allele of Huai pig(0.6053)was high.High frequency;The polymorphic information content of the three pigs is relatively close,and they are all moderate polymorphism.2.The results of carcass traits and muscle quality of Bahuai pigs are as follows:(1)The results of the measurement of carcass traits showed that:The 5 heads of Bahuai pigs in the slaughtering experiment had a slaughter rate of 74.2±1.82%,a lean meat rate of 57.49±6.85%,a fat percentage of 23.7±6.17%,a bone rate of 10.33±1.88%,and a skin rate of 8.48±1.67%,meat-to-fat ratio was 2.66±1.15%,hip-leg ratio was 27.39±2.39%,plate oil ratio was 2.52±1.16%,skin thickness was 2.81±0.74 mm,average thickness was 29.30±6.02 mm,and eye muscle area was 44.87±5.05 cm2.In addition,The meat color score was 3.8±0.57 and the marble score was 3.3±0.67.The slaughter rate,lean meat rate,skin rate,meat-to-fat ratio,hind leg ratio,meat color score,marble score,and eye muscle area of Bahuai barrows were higher than that of Bahuai sows;The rate,bone rate,skin thickness,and average thickness were higher than those of the Bahuai barrows.(2)The results of routine muscle quality indicators show:In addition to the cooked meat rate,other meat quality traits were significantly different in the longissimus dorsi,lumbar muscle,and leg muscles of Bahuai pigs.Bahuai pork color score,Dali score is in the ideal state of meat quality,muscle pH is in the normal range,leg muscle △PH declines faster;comparison experiment results,drip loss is positively correlated with water loss rate,and muscle moisture content,system hydraulic Negative correlation,all indicators are in the normal range,the overall Bahuai pig leg muscle part of the water retention capacity is better;shearing leg muscle>back longest muscle>lumbar muscle,waist muscle tenderness;color difference meter determination of the color of the leg muscle part Good meat color.