Study On High-yield Strains Breeding And Its Cultivation Techniques Of Morchella Spp.in North China

Morchella spp.are famous for their unique flavor,delicious taste and high nutritional value.Since the artificial cultivation technology of morels in China has been successfully cultivated,it has been favored by the majority of growers,and its cultivation area has been expanding year by year.In North China,a hot spring of artificial cultivation of morel was also started,but the high-yield strains were lacking and the cultivation techniques were not accurate enough,which led to the slow development of North China morel industry.In order to achieve the goal of high yield and stable yield of morel cultivation in northern China,and to provide more suitable cultivation strains and techniques for the majority of growers,this experiment started from the breeding of high-yield strains of morels and its cultivation techniques.The main findings are as follows:1.The preliminary identification,genetic relationship and genetic diversity of 46collected Morchella strains were analyzed by ITS sequence sequencing and SRAP molecular marker technology.The results showed that 46 strains of morels can be divided into two clade,five species,namely Esculenta Clade consisting of Morchella esculenta and Morchella crassipes,Elata Clade including Morchella importuna,Morchella sextelata and Morchella septimelata,which provided a theoretical reference for the determination of experimental strains.2.According to the above research results and preliminary indoor culture,35 strains of black series were used as test strains for this test.The selection of high-yield strains of morels in North China was carried out by selecting three methods:selection of cultivation,high temperature acclimation and protoplast fusion.（1）Screening test for different strains of cultivated strains Based on the preliminary test of 35 tested strains,10 strains（numbered M8,M9,M10,M19,M20 and M21,M23,M34,M37,M40）capable of fruiting with good mycelial growth were selected for winter warm greenhouse and outdoor field cultivation.The strain M40 as a high-yield strain of Morchella was initially obtained.（2）Screening test for stress-resistant and high-temperature resistant strains 15 strains of Morchella strains with good mycelium growth potential on the plates were selected as test strains from 35 black morel strains,being progressive high temperature acclimation.Strains that can be grown at 25℃after acclimation at 40℃for 12 h was incubated in a winter warm shed.Finally a high-yield strain M8₄₀ was obtained.（3）Protoplast fusion breeding technique the strains M10 and M20 were used as the parents for the fusion test,and finally 6 strains with good growth of Morchella were obtained,numbered R2,R4,R5,R6,R7 and R8.The mycelia growth rate of 6 strains of morels and the parents were compared with the mushroom test.Two strains of high-yielding strains R5 and R8 were selected.3.Selecting high yield strains M40 and M8₄₀0 as the tested strains,and carry out research on cultivation techniques.（1）By observing and recording the changes of air and soil temperature and humidity in two cultivated areas,combined with mycelia growth,primordium formation,fruiting body development and yield statistics,the optimum temperature for the growth of morel mycelium is 10℃²0℃,the optimum soil temperature is 10℃¹6℃,the primordium formation period on the air and soil temperature requirements are 10℃¹5℃and 5℃¹2℃respectively.The air and soil temperature of fruiting body growth and development are 12℃¹8℃and5℃¹5℃.（2）The test studied the high-yield cultivation techniques of morel in northern areas by designing the different sowing dates,the placement of nutritious bags and the time of withdrawing the nutrition bag,the different soil covering materials and soil thickness on the growth and yield of morel.It indicates that the best sowing date is in early November.When the hyphae grows over the soil surface,the nutrition bag is placed.After 35 to 45 days,it can be removed.The optimum proportion of added peat the soil-covering material is 20%,the optimum ratio of the added plant ash,and the ratio of the optimum soybean meal organic fertilizer and bio-organic fertilizer is 200 g/m².The results of soil thickness research showed that when the thickness of the soil was 3 cm.