Study On Screening And High-yield Cultivation Of Superior Strains Of Morchella Sextelata In Field

Morchella belong to the ascomycete phylum.Their flesh is delicious and crisp,with unique flavor and high nutritional value.In recent years,the area of artificial cultivation of Morchella has increased year by year,but in this process,there are many problems,such as the unclear classification of Morchella,unstable species,unstable production,etc.,and our Basic research such as life history,nutrient demand management,and choice of cultivation environment is seriously lacking.Therefore,in this paper,through the indoor plate observation of 44 strains of Morchella sextelata,Molecular identification and outdoor field mushrooms,and 20 of these strains were subjected to carboxymethylcellulase,amylase,protease and laccase activities.Determination and the cultivation experiment of different base materials and different elements of the Morchella sextelata,to provide basic theoretical research for the breeding of Morchella sextelata and high-yield cultivation.The research content and results of the paper are as follows:（1）Through the flat plate observation of 44 strains of Morchella sextelata,it is found that the growth of hyphae and sclerotia is very different.There is a certain correlation between the amount of mycelium and the vigorous degree of gas-laden mycelium during germination.Morchella began to produce sclerotia 5-10 days after inoculation,of which 6 strains did not produce sclerotia,and the distribution of sclerotia of different strains on the plate medium was also quite different.Chi-square analysis was performed on the number of sclerotia and the yield of mushrooms,and it shows that the strains containing double mating type factors can basically produce mushrooms（2）The 44 strains identified by ISSR are all Morchella sextelata and there is no large genetic difference,indicating that the cultivated strains in Sichuan area are highly consistent,which is very unfavorable for future field cultivation of Morel.Through PCR amplification to identify its mating type factors,38 strains out of 44 strains were found to contain two mating type factors,and the mushroom production rate of the two-factor strain reached 97%.The chi-square test was conducted on the mating type factors and the emergence of mushrooms,and it was found that there was a significant correlation between the mating type factors and the emergence of mushrooms.（3）20 strains were selected from 44 Morchella sextelata esculentus to carry out the measurement of four extracellular enzyme activities and biomass.From the measurement results,it can be found that there is no significant difference between the extracellular enzyme and the biomass of the corresponding strain Correlation.There is a significant positive correlation between the activities of carboxymethylcellulase,amylase and protease,but there is no significant correlation between the three extracellular enzymes laccase.Correlation analysis with yield showed that there was a significant positive correlation between the yield and the activities of carboxymethylcellulase,protease,and amylase.In other words,the higher the activities of these three extracellular enzymes,the corresponding strains The higher the output.But laccase does not have this correlation.（4）Through the above methods,it can be found that the M30 and M33 strains have high yields of field mushrooms,respectively 566.67g/m² and 678.33 g/m²,and the 3 extracellular enzyme activities are also the highest,and they are all double mating Factors indicate that these two strains have stable performance and excellent traits,and can be used as production seeds.（5）Set 5 application concentrations on 6 different base materials to treat the soil,and the magnitude of the increase in the production rate of the six sisters morels is:grass ash>peat soil>lime>mushroom sticks>mushroom sticks+lime>Peat soil+lime.The highest yield of grass ash is 117.5%,and the most suitable application concentration is 1-2kg/m²;the highest yield of straw charcoal is 73.2%,and the most suitable application concentration is 1kg/m².The combined use of mushroom sticks and lime has obvious effect.（6）Set 5 concentrations on 3 different elements to treat the soil.All three elements can effectively increase the yield of morel.The effect of KNO₃ is the best,which can increase the production by 108%.The application concentration is 30g/m²;followed by K₂HPO₄,which can significantly increase the yield by 65%,and the optimal application concentration is30g/m²;while the maximum yield of Ca CO₃ is 51%,and the optimal application concentration is 30-50g/m².