The Intestinal Microecology Research Of Sable (Martes Zibellina) By The Approach Of Metagenomics

Sable(Martes zibellina),belongs to Carnivora,Mustelidae and Maretes,was mainly distributed in the cold northern zone of Eurasia.According to the classification of the distribution and morphological characteristics in China,the sable was mainly divided into four subspecies: M.z.princeps,M.z.hamgyenensis,M.z.linkouensis and M.z.averini.Sable,as the world’s precious fur-bearing animals,its fur was known as "soft gold".In recent years,due to human activities and excessive hunting,the number of populations has declined obviously,sable has been the national first grade protected wildlife.There is a complex microbial community system in the intestines of humans and many animals,the gut microbes are closely bound up the health of the host,they are involved in the regulation of many host’s physiological function,they help us digest food(such as fiber)and synthesize vitamins and amino acids,as good as regulate the host’s immune system.It plays an important role in the growth,neural development and metabolism of the host,as well as they can even regulate the behavior of the host.Many diseases are related to the changes of gut microbes.Using the approach of metagenomics to analyze all microorganisms’ sequence of the whole sample,breaking the limitations of traditional cultivated method,in research on the level of the whole microbial community,we can not only get the diversity of gut microbes and bacteria biological information(such as the structure),but also research the evolutionary relationships of host’s microbial metabolism and related immune disease.This study is based on the metagenomics to research the samples taken from dalian,there are dozen samples,using Illumina Hi Seq 4000 sequencing platform to sequence samples.Effective Data volume of each sample is above 6000 M,the ratio of the Effective Data(the Clean Data)to original Data(Raw Data)(Effective Rate)are over 98%.According to the analysis of statistical data,the total length of ORF is about 603,031,which is 347.36 Mbp.We contrast the Unique function of Genes with KEGG database,we acquire 7140 Genes(KO),a total of all the samples KO is 129788.We selected higher abundance Genes to draw cluster heat maps,and according to the results of the KEGG metabolic pathway annotations,we acquire the gene function including: Metabolism,Environmental information processing,based information processing,the Human diseases,Cellular process,and Organismal systems.We contrast the Unique function of Genes with CAZy database,the function of abundance in the Carbohydrates hydrolase were glycosidic enzyme family hydrolytic enzymes(Glycoside hydrolases),transfer of glycosyl enzymes(Glycosyltransferase),Carbohydrate combination module class(Carbohydrate-binding modules),Carbohydrate esters enzymes(Carbohydrate esterases),polysaccharide cracking enzymes(Polysaccaride lysases)and Auxiliary enzymes(Auxiliary activities).This is closely related to the fact that the sable is adapted to cold environments and requires a large amount of energy to maintain its metabolic activity.We contrast the Unique function of Genes with egg NOG database,the main functions of genes include gene duplication,recombination and repair,transport and metabolism of amino acids,transport and metabolism of carbohydrates,etc.In this study,the method of metagenomics was used to provide new scientific basis for the protection of sable through the study of intestinal flora structure and gene function.