Selection And Optimization Of Watersaving Policy Tools For Provinces In The Middle Reaches Of The Yellow River ——Based On Content Analysis Of Water-saving Policy Texts In Shanxi Province

Water is an important component of nature,and human’s survival is inseparable from water resources.Since the 18 th National Congress of the Communist Party of China,General Secretary Xi has clearly put forward the water control policy of "giving priority to water saving,balancing space,systematic management and making efforts in both hands",focusing on the implementation of national water-saving actions and making water conservation run through the whole process of water resources development,utilization,protection,allocation and scheduling.On April 15,2019,the National Development and Reform Commission（NDRC）and the Ministry of Water Resources jointly issued a notice on the National Action Plan for Water Conservation,encouraging the whole society to save water,comprehensively improve the utilization rate of water resources,and gradually form a water-saving way of production and life.According to relevant data,the comprehensive water consumption per capita and water resource per capita in the Yellow River Basin are 341m3 and647m3 respectively,about 1/3 of the national average,and belong to the region with severe water shortage.The middle reaches of the Yellow River flows through Inner Mongolia,Shaanxi,Shanxi and Henan provinces.Most of the regions are in an arid and semi-arid climate zone with scarce natural precipitation and large evaporation.The serious shortage of water resources has become an important topic needing attention.Shanxi’s comprehensive water consumption per capita has been less than300m3 for many years,which is a serious water shortage area.It is urgent to promote water-saving actions.Firstly,183 provincial and municipal water-saving policy texts of Shanxi Province from 1988 to 2021 were collected and sorted out,and a three-dimensional analysis framework was constructed,including the types of water-saving policy tools,the functional fields of water-saving policy tools and the time of water-saving policy introduction.Then,based on the analysis framework,the content analysis of the water-saving policy in Shanxi Province is carried out with the combination of quantitative and qualitative analysis,and the selection types of water-saving policy tools in Shanxi Province is discussed,and the effectiveness of the application of water-saving policy tools is analyzed.On this basis,the main factors influencing the choice of water-saving policy tools were analyzed,and the optimization strategies of water-saving policy tools in the middle reaches of the Yellow River were proposed according to the analysis results,so as to provide reference for other areas with severe water shortage to improve their water-saving policy system.Through the analysis of the water-saving policy texts issued by Shanxi Province in the past 30 years,it is found that Shanxi Province has the highest frequency of the use of the regulatory policy tools in the choice of water-saving policy tools,the distribution of the function field is relatively balanced,and the characteristics of different development stages are the initial growth and later decline.On this basis,the effect of policy tool to select assessment,and from a policy tool of the economic environment,the characteristics of different target groups,the evolution of the policy goal,policy tool to select the path dependence and policy making in the epicenter in the relationship between the five aspects in-depth analysis the main factors influencing the policy tool selection,the final attempt to propose improve water-saving policies based on the analysis and management system,To strengthen the treatment of groundwater overexploitation,to create a strong social atmosphere for water conservation,to strengthen the support for the development of water cooperation organizations and other optimization paths.