| Accelerating the electrification of urban public transport is of great significance for reducing urban traffic pollutant emissions,speeding up energy structure adjustment,and helping to achieve the "dual carbon" goal.Many cities are exploring the transition to electrification by purchasing EBs and deploying charging facilities at the depot for them.However,electric buses service in turn on the routes during the daytime and resulting in the charging facilities is mostly idle.Simultaneously,electric cars often have the problem of long charging queues due to the limited public charging facilities.If the charging facilities of electric buses are allowed to be shared with electric cars for a fee during some time period,it can not only alleviate the charging contradiction of electric cars,but also improve the utilization rate of charging facilities and increase the revenue of public transit companies.On the contrary,when the charging facility is occupied by electric cars,electric buses with insufficient power on the route may not be able to get charged in time.And public transit companies need to adjust the vehicle and charging scheduling scheme of electric buses,which might cause an increase in operating costs.Therefore,how to collaboratively optimize the vehicle scheduling and time-of-day charging facility sharing schemes for maximizing the revenue under the premise of ensuring the normal operation of the electric bus route,is an urgent problem to be solved in the current research field of urban bus scheduling.Firstly,based on real collected operation data,a multivariable regression model for trip energy consumption of electric bus is proposed,taking the trip mileage,curb weight,travel time,ambient temperature,and operation time of air conditioner as the input.On this basis,the accuracy of the model is evaluated and the sensitivity analyses of ambient temperature,weight,trip mileage,and travel time are carried out.Secondly,this paper considers the impact of the time-of-day charging facilities sharing strategy on the vehicle scheduling problem.We take the types of vehicles allowed to be charged in each time window,the service trips and charging trips performed by each bus every day as the optimization variables.A vehicle scheduling optimization model is developed with the optimization objectives of minimum operating cost of electric bus route（including the average daily acquisition cost and charging cost）,the minimum waiting cost of electric cars,and the maximum charging revenue from electric cars.Considering the nonlinear characteristics of the model,a solution algorithm combining enumeration and branch and price is designed.Finally,we take an actual bus route 203 as an example,the impact of the time-ofday charging facility sharing strategy on the vehicle scheduling and charging scheme was compared and analyzed,and the sensitivity analyses of some input parameters in the proposed model are carried out.The results show that the proposed optimization method for vehicle scheduling problems under the time-of-day charging facility sharing strategy is able to adjust charging facility sharing schemes and vehicle scheduling schemes without changing timetables of the route,to improve the utilization rate of charging facilities,alleviate the charging difficulty of electric cars and increase the charging revenue of public transit companies from electric cars. |
