| The development of housing in China has gone through many stages.From the initial wind and rain protection to the later modern housing,passive housing and energy-saving and environmental protection housing have gradually become the mainstream.Especially in recent years,the concept that green water and green mountains are golden mountains and silver mountains has become a social consensus.People have gradually clearly realized the importance of building indoor environment and enhanced their awareness of energy conservation and environmental protection,Green,healthy and low-carbon lifestyle is more favored.How to improve the quality of indoor life and meet the comfortable life while reducing building energy consumption has attracted extensive attention in the field of building natural ventilation.Hefei is located in an area with cold winter and hot summer.Residents generally rely on natural ventilation for indoor and outdoor air exchange.In the construction industry,it is a common practice to widely use some common house types in various residential design,resulting in very similar internal layout and design of many houses,Then,in these classic house types,if there are problems in air distribution,it will inevitably bring more physical and mental health losses to families and individuals.Through the field questionnaire survey and field monitoring of the common house types of developers in Hefei,this paper analyzes the layout and external window form of high-rise houses.The physical model is established,and the natural ventilation is simulated based on computational fluid dynamics software.The field monitoring data and simulation data are compared and verified,and the existing problems are put forward.Through the optimization design from the aspects of indoor space layout,orientation and the form and size of external windows.The main research results are as follows:（1）The room wind speed of high-rise residence increases with the increase of floor height and window area.In order to meet the indoor ventilation needs of different floor types,it is recommended to classify,design and simulate different types of indoor ventilation,especially for different application spaces,such as living room,bedroom,kitchen,bathroom,balcony and sunshine room.Doors and windows are customized products,which can be matched randomly according to the daily needs of residents.（2）According to the actual situation,the house type design can be changed appropriately to improve the internal modeling design of the building,guide the air distribution and improve the indoor air quality.If there are unavoidable problems in the building type,you can also improve the opening area and relative position of the outer window according to the required different indoor ventilation effects and different outdoor window types of high-rise residence,or add air guide components on the lower floors of high-rise residential buildings to alleviate the problems of insufficient ventilation in low floor families and excessive ventilation in high-rise floors.（3）House type design:too many internal partitions will hinder the air distribution,affect the air distribution and change the air direction.Select the appropriate building orientation to make the building opening in a reasonable positive and negative pressure position under the natural ventilation conditions,which can form a good air flow field in the building in an organized and effective way.Under the same conditions,it is more conducive to natural ventilation.In the house type design,it is easier to form ventilation with through corridors,and the wind speed and air volume on the air flow path are greater.However,local vortices will be formed in some locations,resulting in dead corners of air flow and accumulation of pollutants;Some house types cannot bring good natural ventilation due to various objective reasons,so they can only rely on mechanical ventilation to maintain air quality.（3）The seventh chapter summarizes the basis of indoor air distribution of high-rise residential buildings in Hefei under the condition of natural ventilation,and discusses the ventilation effect of the fresh air system commonly used by developers.In the current common fresh air system,there are two ventilation modes of top supply and ground return and top return.Through comparative simulation,the ventilation mode of ground supply and top return is obtained,It is more conducive to the flow of indoor air and the discharge of indoor pollutants.In some cases,when better natural ventilation cannot be obtained indoors for various reasons,it is necessary to rely on mechanical ventilation to improve air quality.（4）When improving the artificial ventilation design of poorly ventilated air,it is necessary to control the air distribution in the planning and construction to improve the indoor air quality.It can effectively regulate the indoor environment of high-rise buildings in China and provide users with a healthy indoor environment.This is also an important concept of sustainable development,which is very important to reduce CO2 emissions.Environmental protection and energy saving have attracted great attention at present.A reasonable building layout can effectively reduce people’s use of air conditioning and other machinery,which is very important to reduce CO2emissions. |
