Study On Evolution,conservation And Renewal Of Public Space In Anju Ancient Town

The historical and cultural towns of Chongqing are famous for the integration of nature and towns.However,with the change of modern lifestyle and the development of these towns,the historical and cultural towns far away from the city gradually enter the stage of decline,due to the problems like less population,declined development.In recent years,because of "rural revitalization","construction and development of characteristic towns" and other related Chinese policies,a large number of historical ancient towns have started to develop the cultural tourism.In the face of the transformation from a traditional town to a tourist town today,the traditional value of public space in historical and cultural town is affected and destroyed by tourism.Meanwhile,the activities in public space have been also changed.And the contradiction between the continuity of historical value of public space and the reality of space service gradually emerges.Taking Anju ancient town,a famous historical and cultural town in Chongqing,as a typical research object,this thesis collects the current drawings of the town in 2002(the early stage of urbanization)and 2015(the early stage of tourism development),.and investigates the public space evolution process from 2002 to 2015 by means of literature review,drawing comparison,space syntax analysis,and field investigation.According to the spatial characteristics of Chongqing historical ancient towns,based on the cultural landscape theory,this research constructs a research framework for the overall study of public space in Anju town,analyzes and deduces the evolution process of public space in different periods from different levels.Besides,the research summarizes the characteristics of evolution.From traditional development to tourism development,the evolution of public space is a process of destruction,change,adaptation and restriction.Tourism development is treated dialectically in this dissertation,which not only brings new development impetus and vitality to Anju,but also influences and destroys the traditional value of public space in the town to some extent.Therefore,the tourism development of scenic-area-type ancient towns should be carried out in the process of dynamic changes to guide them from the angle of adapt-promotion,destruction-restriction.The contents and conclusions of this thesis mainly include four parts:(1)Taking the scenic-area-type ancient town,Anju town,as the typical research object,the development context of Anju town was sorted out,and the evolution of public space was mainly studied from 2002 to 2015.Based on the theory of cultural landscape,the public space of the ancient town is divided into different levels from the two systems of material space and value connotation.The first level is the study on the landscape evolution of public space.By comparing the building pattern of Anju town in1971,2002 and 2015,this paper explores the overall evolution of the landscape of public space from the aspects of urban expansion mode and landscape pattern.(1)In2002,the ancient town expanded in a concentric way,with less construction and better regional natural environment,while the town played a weak role in controlling the regional natural environment.In 2015,this ancient town expanded in a Mosaic style,and the natural environment of the region was invaded.Meanwhile,the town’s control over the nature was strengthened.(2)In 2002,agricultural and forestry land and construction land were both the main patch types of the ancient town landscape.In 2015,water area land and agricultural and forestry land were occupied and cut off,and construction land became the main land.The development of tourism has indeed influenced the public space of the ancient town.(2)In the research on the structural evolution of public space in Anju town,the central and non-central areas are determined according to the historical origin and actual situation.The thesis analyzes the evolution process of public space structure in this town from the perspective of the mutual spatial relationship among public spaces and public space function..(1)From 2002 to 2015,functions of the ancient town were added and replaced,some of them were replaced in central areas,another were added in non-central areas.As a result,Anju town produces the functional differentiation in different areas,with the central areas oriented by tourism and the non-central areas oriented by life.(2)The functional structure of public space has been changed: in 2002,the commercial(mainly serving residents)and living functions of public space were parallel.In 2015,the public space formed a primary and secondary structure with tourism and commercial functions(mainly serving tourists)as the main and living functions as the auxiliary.(3)The differentiation in different areas result in great changes in the use and landscape quality of the public spaces in each area.The function of public space in the central area is more complex and the landscape quality is better.The function of non-central public space is single and the landscape quality is poor.(4)No matter in the traditional period or the tourism development period,the basic structure of public space has always been maintained,which is a very benign development for the ancient town.(3)According to the form and nature of public space in Anju town,the public space can be regarded as a whole system.All types of public space are subsystems of public space(street and lane system,node system,neighborhood space system and historical and cultural public building system).From 2002 to 2015,various subsystems of public space in ancient town had different evolution trends due to their different original characteristics.(1)The number of node space and natural characteristics reduce,the function becomes more diverse.(2)The function of the main street of the ancient town has changed from daily living to tourism and commerce.The number of alleys has decreased sharply,which may cause the ancient town to lose the channel of exchange with the outside natural environment.(3)The number and shape of historical and cultural public buildings have not been changed much,but their internal functions have changed a lot.Functions tend to develop in a complex way,which is more in line with modern life and retains certain traditional characteristics.(4)The vertical characteristics of the neighborhood spaces are very rich.Their number is a kind of dynamic change.And the overall number is gradually increasing.(4)Based on the above,this dissertation proposes the protection and renewal strategy of public space in the fourth part,and puts forward the overall principle and regional strategy.Finally,the feasibility and effectiveness of the protection and renewal strategy are verified by taking Xishi area,a district in the public space of Anju,as an example.