| Over the past 40 years of reform and opening-up,China’s GDP has risen from 367.9 billion yuan in 1978 to 101.6 trillion yuan in 2020,with an increase of approximately 275 times;The urbanization rate of China has also increased from 17.9%in 1978 To 58.5%in 2017,it was accompanied by the emergence of thousands of new urban districts.The urban morphology of these new districts has its advantages and disadvantages.The formation process has not only experienced the baptism of the transition from a planned economy to a socialist market economy,but also has the general characteristics of urban morphology,and it is inevitable to suffer from the economic tide.The evolution process of the urban material form of the new district based on roads,plots and buildings,therefore,reflects the phenomenon with regional characteristics and is also marked with a clear brand of the times.Paying attention to these phenomena,sorting out their formation characteristics,and studying their evolution characteristics should have a positive effect on the development of the urbanization process in future.In the past 40 years,my country’s rapid urbanization has been accompanied by the development and construction of a large number of new urban areas.In the cognition of academia and the general public,the construction of new districts in China is generally considered to be the result of a one-time formation under the leadership of government planning.In other words,the planned economic system dominates the development of new districts.It is this planning feature that leads to their urban structure.And many similarities in texture.However,judging from the morphological results of actual construction,many of these phenomena indicate that the market economy influences the process and results of the development of the new area from the bottom up.So,is the market or planning leading the development of the new district?To what extent did they influence the form of the new district?Are there other factors involved in shaping the morphology of the new district?This article aims to use the tools of urban morphology to restore the formation process of Nanjing Hexi New District,and then to analyze the internal mechanism of its evolution to answer the above three questions.It is of great importance to have a clearer idea of how to implement the construction of newly-built districts and develop flexible planning to guarantee the quality of newly-built districts.To achieve this,we need to understand the role of government and market while recognizing the influence of these two interwoven forces on the morphological process of urban newly-built districts with morphological tools.This article consists of the following five parts:The first part(Chapter 2)summarizes the planning and design theory of urban newly-built districts and the main research methods of Urban Morphology.The second part(Chapter 3)combs through the historical changes in the Hexi area of Nanjing and the political and socio-economic background of the development of the urban newly-built district,refines the characteristics of the beginning of urbanization in the new district and analyzes its causes.The third part(Chapter 4)focuses on the core area of the Hexi Urban Newly-built District in Nanjing—the central area with the Olympic Sports Center as the core,and analyzes the morphological process of the newly-built district under the influence of urban planning and market economy according to the level of roads,plots and axes.Chapter 4 focuses on the impact of urban planning and summarizes the content and changes of the urban planning of Hexi Urban Newly-built District,as well as the planning and construction of street systems,plots and the axis.Chapter 5 reveals how the market economy affects the urban form of the urban newly-built district through the sequence of the construction and the implementation of the blocks and urban axis by showing the differences between the construction results and urban planning.It also explains how social culture affects the morphological process of the urban newly-built district by acting on the market.The fourth part(Chapter 5)further reveals the major causes of the urban form of the newly-built district.Urban planning builds the structure of the new district’s urban form,while the development of the market economy fills in and optimizes it.The two forces jointly constructed the urban newly-built district’s urban form with the time brand,cultural characteristics and economic effects.The fifth part(Chapter 6)reveals the characteristics of the evolution of the urban form of an urban newly-built district in the context of the socialist market economic system,based on an overall study of the morphological process of Nanjing Hexi Urban Newly-built District.Top-down urban planning has a decisive impact on the road traffic and axis of the "urban form development process" of the new district,while the bottom-up market economic factors have a distinct influence on the plots in the formation of new urban form,especially on the "land and buildings".In conclusion,the government-led urban planning help set up the framework of the urban newly-built district,while the regional and phased needs brought by the development of a social market economy fill the urban texture in.The two forces jointly shape the characteristics of China’s urban newly-built district’s urban morphology with the brand of the times,cultural characteristics and economic results.The whole thesis contains about 77 600 words,162 pictures and charts. |
