Study On The Spatial Layout Of Rural Settlements In Siping Of Jilin Province—From The Perspective Of Manchu And Han Cultural Fusion

Rural settlements carry the history and culture of the nation and accumulate the wisdom of mankind.After living together for a long time,the Manchu nationality and the Han nationality influenced each other,and their national cultures merged.The integration of Manchu and Han cultures makes the villages and towns of Manchu and Han gradually appear similar elements within the range of space,form and layout.After the long-term development,the contemporary Manchu and Han villages and towns have been formed.Based on the current situation of the spatial distribution of rural settlements,the inheritance as well as the integration of ethnic culture,this paper investigates the external environment and the distribution pattern of rural settlements,and analyzes the evolutional rules of spatial characteristics and distribution pattern.The article the rural settlements with Manchu and Han communities in Siping,Jilin Province are selected as the research object,and the spatial distribution pattern of the villages and towns is studied from three levels: macro(overall layout),medium(block layout)and micro(courtyard layout).At the macro level,towns are taken as the research object.The research is mainly carried out from the aspects of location,surrounding environment,external traffic,geographical conditions,overall shape and road network texture of towns.At the early stage,the overall layout of Manchu towns was dominated by natural growth type.At the later stage,the layout mode of mixed development of free style and street style played a dominant role.The overall layout of traditional Han towns is dominated by planning and development type.It is an evolution mechanism of Hetero-organizations.It is greatly interfered by human forces.There are the single texture and the regular shape.Due to the integration between Manchu and Han cultures,the overall layout of the township settlement space is transformed into the compound layout of nature and planning coexistence gradually.At the meso level,block is taken as the research object,and the layout pattern of street space and courtyard group space is mainly explored.Based on the analysis of the factors such as block topography and landform,street and lane form,the street and lane space of Manchu and Han integrated towns in Siping City,Jilin Province is divided into four layout patterns: tree,chessboard,comb and net.It is found that the street and lane space of the early Manchu nationality is mainly in the shape of comb and tree,while the lane space of the Han nationality is mainly in the shape of checkerboard,and the street and lane space layout of the contemporary Manchu and Han integrated villages is mainly in the form of network.The spatial layout of courtyards can be divided into two types: serial and parallel,among which the latter is the main layout mode.Combined with the ethnic cultural background,this paper analyzes the reasons for the formation of street space and courtyard group space layout,and puts forward optimization strategies for the existing problems based on the current situation of the spatial layout of the contemporary Manchu and Han integrated town blocks.The integration between Manchu and Han cultures leads to the street and alley spacial layout mode of Manchu-Han integration in the same area.It is gradually transformed into the network layout mode.The spacial layout of courtyard groups is divided into series type and parallel type,in which parallel type is dominant.The spatial layout of series type is mostly restricted by some factors like street location and distance.In addition,the vertical scale of courtyards determines the distance among streets and alleys.The greater the depth of courtyards is,the sparser the road network structure is.On the contrary,the smaller the depth of courtyards is,the denser the surrounding road network structure is.At the micro level,courtyards are taken as the research object.It is aimed to analyze the internal spatial layout characteristics of courtyards as well as the influence of the surrounding road on the courtyard spatial layout.According to the location of principle rooms in courtyards,the space layout of courtyards can be divided into three modes,including the mode of principle rooms at the center,the mode of principle rooms in front of courtyards and the mode of principle rooms at the back of courtyards.Not only is the mode of principal rooms at the center a kind of traditional layout mode,but it is also the main layout mode of the contemporary courtyard space.The mode of principle rooms in front of courtyards and the mode of principle rooms at the back of courtyards are two kinds of new modes based on the different need of people as well as the actual situation.The courtyard space layout of contemporary Manchu-Han integraion towns is the inheritance and development of the traditional layout mode based on the reality.This paper studies the ethnic national cultural characteristics in the natural environment and social environment,fully considering the concept of the overall layout,exploring the residential culture,and seeking for the cultural innovation.This study improved the theoretical system of township research in Jilin Province,enriched the research content and expanded the research perspective.This paper also provides academic support and theoretical reference for the protection and research of Manchu and Han integrated villages in the future,taking a lead for the sustainable development of rural settlements construction.