Research On Location Optimization And Layout Design Of Primary And Secondary Schools In Northeast China From The Perspective Of Urban And Rural Integration

With the rapid development of urbanization,the population structure of urban and rural areas has changed dramatically,and basic education resources are rapidly concentrating in cities,resulting in a lack of students in rural schools and a tight supply of school places in urban areas.The problem of population hollowing out and aging in rural areas is more serious in Northeast China due to geographical,climatic and economic factors,and compulsory education in Northeast China is also facing a great dilemma.This study takes the existing social problems in Northeast China as the starting point,analyzes the problems from the perspective of urban-rural integration,conducts in-depth research and analysis of existing problems in Northeast China’s rural areas,visits 31 primary and secondary schools in rural areas,interviews 12 principals of primary and secondary schools,distributes 300 questionnaires and returns 267 valid questionnaires,and conducts quantitative research using the gravitational accessibility model and spatial sentence method,and proposes countermeasures in terms of primary and secondary school campus design and construction.and construction,to provide technical support for the development of townships in Northeast China,and to provide guidance for campus co nstruction in Northeast China.This paper is divided into four parts: Chapter 1 is an introduction,Chapter 2 is an analysis of the site selection and layout of primary and secondary schools in Northeast China driven by urban-rural integration,and Chapters 3 and 4 are quantitative studies and strategies for campus site optimization and campus layout design,respectively.This paper analyzes the existing rural primary and secondary school construction in Northeast China,demonstrates the inevitable trend of integrated design of educational resources,and deduces two design goals of ensuring inter-school collaborative development and promoting school-society resource sharing.In terms of campus site optimization,the three influencing factors of township population distribution,township traffic conditions and campus service capacity are extracted,and the existing township primary and secondary schools are analyzed based on GIS platform and gravitational accessibility model,and three design strategies are proposed to integrate school district division to match township population distribution,optimize campus site selection to adapt to township traffic conditions,and control campus scale to enhance campus service capacity.In terms of spatial layout design,based on the variables of spatial syntax,four quantifiable layout design indexes,namely,efficiency,accessibility,identifiability,and safety,were compiled,and five township primary and secondary schools were selected for field research and simulation calculation.Based on the above four indicators,four design strategies are deduced,namely,multi-functional composition to enhance the efficiency of use,layered opening of space to promote participation,border integration and perceptibility to enhanc e identifiability,and orderly organization of flow lines to ensure safety.This study proposes strategies and indicators for the construction of primary and secondary schools in rural areas of Northeast China,improves the theories of primary and secondary school design,and provides technical guidance for new construction and stock renovation and expansion in rural areas of Northeast China,in order to promote the balanced and high-quality development of education in Northeast China.