Research On Energy Saving Optimization Of Zhuangkuo Residential Buildings In Hehuang Region,Qinghai Province

In recent years,the rural residential stock is large and the energy consumption problem is prominent.Improving the habitat of rural dwellings and reducing energy consumption in residential buildings is an important element of new rural construction in China.Considering the severity of energy consumption,the significance of residential buildings and the peculiarity of the rural economy in Qinghai Province,Zhuangkuo dwelling,the main house of traditional villages in the Hehuang area,was chosen as the research object to explore"local,low-tech and cost-effective"energy-saving optimisation solutions suitable for the transition of regional development and improvement.This paper develops research in the following areas:Firstly,we conducted field research on the traditional villages in the Hehuang area,through questionnaire research to understand the family demographics of local residents,the concept of building energy efficiency and the morphological characteristics of the dwellings,the characteristics of the envelope structure,the form of the heating system,the thermal comfort,the building energy use,etc.,to determine the basic conditions of the buildings and the renovation needs of the residents.On the basis of extensive research,the Zhuangkuo dwellings were divided into two types:traditional Zhuangkuo dwellings and sunny Zhuangkuo dwellings,and typical local traditional Zhuangkuo dwellings and sunny Zhuangkuo dwellings were selected for thermal environment testing.Secondly,the tests and simulations show that the thermal environment of the local dwellings is poor and the building energy consumption is high.Considering the economics and accessibility of the building,the energy saving target value for the Zhuangkuo dwelling was determined to be 48 Kwh/m²,with reference to the current Energy Conservation Design Standards for Rural Residential Buildings.A single design factor and a multi-factor interaction simulation were carried out for a typical local traditional house and a sunny house.Where a single design factor simulation is used as an interactive multi-factor simulation to determine the factors that have a greater impact on winter heating energy consumption and the range of values.The multi-factor simulation uses orthogonal analysis to select six design factors that have a significant impact on the winter heating energy consumption of Zhuangkuo residential buildings as independent variables,and uses building energy consumption as an evaluation index to arrive at the order of priority（sensitivity）of the factors influencing energy consumption and the optimal building combination solution to meet the energy saving target.Thirdly,on the basis of the optimal building mix,and taking into account the climatic characteristics of the local solar energy resources,the energy saving optimisation scheme was optimised in detail,including the"Methodology of Nonequilibrium Thermal Insulation"of the building facade and the optimised design of the sunroom.The reasonable heat transfer coefficients for each orientation were calculated as K*_n=0.50 W/（K×m²）,K*_s=2.31 W/（K×m²）and K*_e-w=0.53 W/（K×m²）respectively.Based on the heat transfer coefficients of different orientations,the construction practices for the external walls of Zhuangkuo residential buildings with different orientations were derived and the building condensation prevention simulations were carried out for each thermal bridge node.Studies have shown that the"Methodology of Nonequilibrium Thermal Insulation"solution can significantly reduce investment costs while still meeting energy efficiency targets.In the optimised design of the sunroom,the sunroom is divided into four operating conditions:winter daytime,spring and autumn daytime,summer daytime and nighttime throughout the year.The highly reflective sunshade and thermal insulation curtains,thermal insulation curtains and sunroom windows are adjusted according to the characteristics of each time period to reduce the occurrence of problems such as overheating in the sunroom during the daytime in summer and overcooling at night in winter.Finally,an economic analysis is carried out based on the"Methodology of Nonequilibrium Thermal Insulation"optimization scheme using dynamic economic analysis based on whole life cycle theory.The economic analysis focuses on calculating the incremental construction cost,operating cost benefit,dynamic payback period,benefit-cost ratio and abatement cost-efficiency ratio of the energy efficiency retrofit solutions,in order to improve the scalability of the Zhuangkuo residential retrofit solutions.The energy-saving renovation plan in this paper takes the local common building material-wood as the optimization basis,and optimizes the design in combination with local climatic conditions.The final optimization result provides an energy-saving renovation plan that meets the regulatory requirements and economic conditions for the Zhuangkuo residential in Hehuang area.The construction of traditional villages and beautiful villages has important value and sustainable development significance.