Technology Development And Maturity Analysis Of Fuel Cell Vehicle Based On Patent Data

With the increasingly prominent problems of global energy consumption and environmental pollution,there is an urgent need to transform and upgrade the traditional automobile industry.Fuel cell vehicles are considered to be the most promising new energy vehicles because of their high efficiency and environmental protection.Countries around the world are scrambling to lay out the Fuel cell vehicle industry and raise its development to the national strategic level.In the process of technological development,due to the restriction of technological maturity and external market factors,the stage of industrial development,the level of core technology and the focus of patent layout are different in different countries.The current situation of technology development,the accumulation of core technology and the level of technology maturity play a decisive role in the orderly development of fuel cell vehicle industry.Therefore,it is necessary to explore the global technology development trend,patent layout and technology maturity level of fuel cell vehicles,clarify China’s position in the world,formulate a scientific and effective development strategy,and deal with the fierce competitive environment.So as to speed up the application of fuel cell vehicles in the Chinese market.This study takes Fuel cell vehicles as the research object,and takes the global patent data of"AutoPat Global Automobile Patent Database Service platform"from 1980 to 2020 and China’s patent data from 1995 to 2020 as data sources.First of all,the patent map method is used to explore the development status of fuel cell vehicle industry in the world and China,including patent application trend,regional distribution and proportion,hot technology distribution,ranking of main competitive institutions,IPC distribution and so on.The analysis results show that the layout of Fuel cell vehicles in China is relatively late,and the technology accumulation is less.But in recent years,the investment has increased and the patent output has increased significantly,which has gradually integrated into the global competition.Based on the TRIZ theory,the technology maturity evaluation system is constructed,which is mainly based on"The number of patents","The number of patents to reduce the cost","The ratio of patents granted",and supplemented by the patent measurement method,and uses Python as a fitting tool to judge the goodness of fit through the determination coefficient R~2,and the optimal fitting curve is obtained to evaluate the technology maturity level of Hydrogen fuel cell vehicles in China,Japan and the United States.The analysis results show that Japan and the United States successively entered the Hydrogen fuel cell technology maturity period from 2006 to 2008,and now they are in the late mature stage;China entered the transitional stage between the late growth stage and the early mature stage in 2015,and then the technology accumulation accelerated obviously.Generally speaking,there is a gap of more than 10 years between China and Japan and the United States in Hydrogen fuel cell technology.Foreign technology is mainly in the hands of the middle and lower reaches of automobile enterprises,the level of technology application is high;domestic scientific research institutes and universities have strong technical strength,most of the small and medium-sized enterprises in the industrial chain,lack of leading enterprises.According to the patent map and the results of technology maturity analysis,the problems existing in China’s Fuel cell vehicle industry are summarized and reasonable development strategies are proposed.