Study On The Characteristics Of Outdoor Activities And Its Environmental Influencing Factors Of The Elderly In Old Communities In Mountainous Cities In Winter

China entered the aging society around 2000.Although it entered the aging society later than developed countries,due to the large population base,the number of elderly people in China ranks among the top in the world,accounting for about 20% of elderly people globally.Compared with other provinces in China,the proportion of elderly amount in Chongqing ranks in the forefront.However,the characteristics of typical mountainous cities in Chongqing are less friendly to the outdoor activities of the elderly,which leads to the increasingly contradiction between the outdoor activities requirements and the environment.Especially in the old communities of mountainous cities,there is a lack of attention to the suitability of public space.Therefore,it is of profound social significance to explore the spatial characteristics of the elderly during outdoor activities in old communities in mountainous cities and analyze the correlation between them and the spatial environment,which is conducive to creating a community public space environment suitable for outdoor activities of the elderly and promoting outdoor activities of them.Based on two practical phenomena discovered by fieldtrip,this paper puts forward two key questions:(1)What are the characteristics of outdoor activities of the elderly in community?(2)What environmental factors in space can attract the elderly? To answer these two key questions,this paper summarizes the basic characteristics and needs of the elderly from three aspects: physiology,psychology and society,and then combs the types,scope,time and forms of outdoor activities of the elderly through literature review.On the basis of the general understanding of the characteristics and needs of outdoor activities of the elderly,the corresponding research plan and analysis methods are formulated.This paper obtains the individual properties and outdoor activity data of the elderly through fieldtrip and other methods to explore the temporal and spatial characteristics of outdoor activities of the elderly by statistical analysis.On this basis,according to the number and duration of activities of the elderly,public spaces are divided into three different types: "high activity intensity","moderate activity intensity" and "low activity intensity".The characteristics of different types of spaces are analyzed and the environmental elements in each activity space are extracted,which can be summarized into three aspects: spatial accessibility,spatial mobility and spatial suitability.Then,by using Kendall correlation analysis,this paper analyzes the relationship between the activity intensity of the elderly,the variety of activities and the environment factors,and explores the key factors affecting the intensity and diversity of outdoor activities.Then,by observing different types of activities,the correlation between outdoor activities of the elderly and space environment elements is further supplemented,and the optimization strategies of community public space suitability are put forward from three aspects: site support,activity support and site construction.Based on the above research,the main conclusions are as follows:1)In terms of activity types,although the physical function has declined,the outdoor activities of the elderly are still rich,which can be roughly divided into four types: recreation&fitness,leisure&entertainment,social interaction,and rest.Among them,the elderly have great demand for social interaction and recreation&fitness,and most of the elderly still play table tennis and badminton and other activities with high intensity.2)As to the time distribution,the time of outdoor activities for the elderly runs through the whole day,and besides morning and afternoon,evening is also the peak time of outdoor activities.3)From the perspective of spatial distribution,open space at the junction of multiple communities are their favorite choice;Secondly,the elderly prefer to move in the public space near the main traffic streamline in the community;Spaces away from the main traffic flow of the community and can only be reached by steps have the lowest activity intensity among the elderly.4)From the perspective of environmental characteristics,spatial accessibility,spatial mobility and spatial suitability all have impacts on the elderly’s choice of activity space.However,these environmental characteristics have progressive characteristics,and only when the current characteristics are met will the latter characteristics begin to play a role.