Study On The Stage Characteristics And Evolution Mechanism Of The Village Settlement System

Under the background of the implementation of the national strategy of social and economic transformation and rural revitalization,the one-way flow of resources to the city in the past has been broken.But for a long time,the thought of "valuing the city over the countryside" has led to serious population loss,unclear characteristics and cultural decline in rural areas.Understanding the development and evolution law of village and town settlement is an important premise to solve various practical problems in the development of China’s villages and towns and promote rural revitalization,which is worthy of in-depth study.On the basis of scientific grasp of the law,we can effectively formulate relevant policies and carry out planning management,serve the National Rural Revitalization Strategy,and undertake the development opportunities of rural settlements in Southwest China.In this paper,Yongchuan District of Chongqing is selected as the specific research area,and the period from 2008 to 2017 is selected as the research period.The evolution characteristics and evolution mechanism of the village and town settlement system are studied,which has certain theoretical and practical significance for deepening the systematic research of the village and town settlement space and guiding the further regulation and optimization of the village and town settlement system.Based on the research framework of "evolution characteristics influencing factors evolution mechanism",this paper selects the time nodes of 2008,2012 and 2017,and comprehensively uses GIS spatial analysis,spatial econometric analysis and other research methods to study the dynamic evolution and stage characteristics of material space,social space and economic space of rural settlement system from the aspects of distribution and scale,The types of influencing factors and comprehensive evolution mechanism are analyzed.The main conclusions are as follows(1)In Yongchuan District,the village and town settlement space presents the evolution characteristics of scale difference change and distribution dispersion expansion:specifically,in terms of scale evolution,the urban and town settlement land is expanding rapidly,while the rural settlement is shrinking slowly.In the spatial distribution type,the majority of rural settlements present discrete distribution state,and the degree of dispersion is weakened.The spatial distribution shows the overall distribution state of "northeast southwest",and the evolution trend of "North-South extension,east-west contraction".In the density of spatial distribution,the rural areas are widely dispersed as small-scale settlements,and "diffuse expansion" over time.The village settlement space presents a certain fragmentation trend.(2)The spatial evolution of rural settlements in Yongchuan District is affected by many factors,such as physical geography,society,economy and so on.Specifically,it includes three types of factors: physical and geographical factors(altitude,slope,water system factors),social factors(population distribution in the flow,development policy,planning and control,etc.),economic factors(cultivated land scale,industrial output value,agricultural transformation,urban and rural traffic factors,etc.).Each influencing factor has different degrees of influence on the spatial distribution and scale evolution of rural settlements,showing significant spatial-temporal differences.In terms of time,it was significantly affected by natural topography,agricultural industry and population in the early stage,and by the secondary and tertiary industries and population in the late stage.In space,different terrain and traffic location make the related factors present different degrees of influence in different space.(3)Comprehensive mechanism of village and town settlement evolution in Yongchuan District: Based on multiple stepwise regression and multi-scale geographically weighted regression analysis,the influencing factors,influencing degree and evolution mechanism of village and town settlement are analyzed,22 influencing factors are calculated and screened,and multiple significant influencing factors in two different time stages of 2008-2012 and 2012-2017 are identified,The time phase and space difference of the influence factors are discussed.This paper summarizes the evolution mode of settlement space under the influence of multiple factors.This paper sums up the "driving force","restraining force" and "coordinating force" formed by residents,government and enterprises,and analyzes the action process.(4)Based on the study of evolution mechanism,the spatial gravity model is improved by adding the influence coefficients of the significant factors that promote the settlement evolution.Thus,it accurately and scientifically presents the hierarchical scale pattern of the current rural settlement system.