Research On Fire Safety Optimization Of Historic Towns In Sichuan And Chongqing Areas

The protection of historic towns in China can be traced back to the approval of "request for instructions on the protection of China’s famous historical and cultural cities" in 1982.Up to now,it has gone through four stages: large-scale transformation,decline of old cities and adjustment of renewal methods,sustainable renewal and dynamic Sustainable Renewal.At present,the dynamic and sustainable renewal is the confirmation of the historic town as the "living" material carrier of modern life.However,in the process of turning to the carrier of modern life,a large number of fire safety problems emerge in the historic town,especially in Sichuan and Chongqing areas,such as low fire resistance rating of buildings,high population density,unsmooth evacuation roads,imperfect infrastructure,etc.,which pose serious safety risks.At the same time,it is often difficult for historic towns to meet the requirements of relevant fire laws and regulations.Instead,the existing norms become the fetters of protection and the reasons for demolishing the old and building the fake,and the transformation becomes the opposite of protection.There has always been a big contradiction between fire safety and the authenticity protection of historical towns.Now it is urgent to explore the two-line parallel mode of fire safety,historical town value protection and modern life quality guarantee,so as to realize safety in the objects with special historical and cultural protection requirements,without too much conflict with value protection and modern life.Under this premise,in order to promote the development of fire safety optimization design of historic towns in Sichuan and Chongqing areas,this paper makes an in-depth study on the fire safety of the whole historic town and building clusters in case of fire,grasps the fire safety situation of different types of historic towns and building clusters in Sichuan and Chongqing areas,and combines the basic information database of protection value and living business form of historic towns in Sichuan and Chongqing with pedestrian evacuation simulation,In order to improve the fire safety of historic towns in Sichuan and Chongqing areas,and to establish a top-down and bottom-up fire safety system to provide theoretical and technical support.The paper is divided into six chaptersThe first chapter,first of all,introduces the research background,explains the purpose and significance of the research.Secondly,it clarifies the scope of the study,explains the relevant concepts in the study,explains the main contents of the study,and analyzes and summarizes the current situation of the fire safety related research in historical towns at home and abroad.Finally,the paper summarizes the research methods and the overall framework to lay the foundation for the research.The second chapter,the overall fire safety analysis of historic towns in Sichuan and Chongqing: analysis and summary of the fire situation and characteristics of historic towns in Sichuan and Chongqing areas.Based on the perspective of morphology,four typical types of historic towns in Sichuan and Chongqing are identified: linear,flake,mass and natural growth.The spatial characteristics and social relationship characteristics of all kinds of historic towns are analyzed and summarized.Taking typical representatives of all kinds of historic towns as examples,this paper analyzes the characteristics of evacuation and rescue of all kinds of historic towns by establishing a four level system of " historic town block building cluster building",and finds out the key problems of fire safety.The third chapter,the fire safety analysis of historic town building clusters in Sichuan and Chongqing: clear the influencing factors of fire safety of historic town building clusters,classify the building clusters according to the different dominant factors,and analyze the fire safety hidden danger and optimization design for different types of building clusters.In the fourth chapter,the research method of fire safety system of historic towns in Sichuan and Chongqing is clarified,which is based on qualitative and quantitative analysis of anylogic and Arc GIS.Taking Ciqikou Ancient Town as an example,using anylogic for evacuation simulation analysis,using Arc GIS for building value assessment,fire risk assessment,comprehensive analysis of Ciqikou Ancient Town fire safety optimization focus and transformation feasibility area,put forward the optimization design strategy of historic town fire safety system.In the fifth chapter,according to the characteristics of historic towns in Sichuan and Chongqing,this paper analyzes the impact of basic building information,external space and other space environment conditions on fire safety,and analyzes the impact of pedestrian evacuation conditions such as the characteristics of entrances and exits,evacuation passageways and so on on.Taking the typical building cluster in Ciqikou Ancient Town as an example,this paper uses the software anylogic to simulate the evacuation,compares and analyzes the influence of various optimization design strategies on the safety evacuation efficiency,and comprehensively selects the best optimization scheme.The sixth chapter summarizes the main achievements of the paper,and makes a prospect of the research and development of the fire safety optimization design of historical towns in Sichuan and Chongqing.