Research On Optimization Of Evacuation Methods For Heterogeneous Crowds In High-rise Buildings Under Fire Background

Since the beginning of the 21 st century,due to the rapid social and economic development and urbanization,a large number of high-rise buildings have appeared.Large-scale shopping plazas,subway stations,office buildings,high-rise hotels and other comprehensive buildings provide convenience and comfort to people’s lives,but are often accompanied by a large number of people gathering.Once a fire accident occurs,a large number of people will be evacuated,and the evacuation process may cause casualties,economic and property losses,and even have a negative impact on social stability.Using Pyrosim and Pathfinder computer simulation software to study and analyze high-rise building fire evacuation problems,and improve pedestrian traffic by optimizing pedestrian evacuation methods,so as to provide building designers with effective evacuation plans.It has important practical significance and is also of great practical significance for improving fire safety in public places.Has important guiding significance.First of all,this article mainly takes the high-rise building fire as the research background,and analyzes and optimizes the development process of high-rise building fire and the evacuation method of heterogeneous crowds.High-rise building fire simulation mainly uses Pyrosim fire simulation software to study the law of smoke spread and the change process of visibility,CO concentration,and smoke temperature during the development of low-rise,middle-rise,and high-rise fires,and conduct a comprehensive analysis of the fire development process.The fire simulation results found that the smoke is prone to form a chimney effect in the vertical passage,and the stairwell near the fire area will be filled with smoke in a short time,and generally cannot be used as an evacuation route;through the analysis of the high-rise building fire simulation results,the final result is The available safe evacuation time in different fire scenarios is shown,The use of fire simulation software to obtain the available safe evacuation time in different fire scenarios has a certain reference significance for the evacuation of fire personnel in high-rise buildings.Then,on the basis of the previous high-rise building fire simulation,this paper continues to carry out the simulation study of the heterogeneous crowd evacuation in high-rise buildings.At the same time,taking into account the heterogeneity of the evacuated crowd,the Pathfinder personnel evacuation simulation software is used to simulate the prevalence of heterogeneous crowds in high-rise buildings.The evacuation method used(choose the nea RSET staircase or safe exit),and the safe evacuation time required for the evacuation of heterogeneous people is obtained.Compare and analyze the available safe evacuation time with the previous simulation,and then further optimize the evacuation method of heterogeneous people.The simulation results show that after a fire occurs in a high-rise building,evacuation guides or broadcast guidance are set up to make full use of the available evacuation stairs.To a certain extent,the evacuation efficiency of heterogeneous people in high-rise buildings can be improved.In addition,based on the simulation of the evacuation of heterogeneous crowds in high-rise buildings,further research has been conducted to analyze the relationship between high-density crowds and evacuation stairs and the influence of heterogeneous crowd distribution on the total evacuation time.The analysis shows that increasing the width of the stairs can improve the evacuation efficiency of the floors,but only increasing the width of the stairs of the high-density floors cannot improve the evacuation efficiency of the total floor personnel,and can alleviate the congestion in the stairwells of the high-density floors.Secondly,distributing the slow-moving elderly and children on lower floors facilitates the evacuation of heterogeneous crowds in high-rise buildings.Finally,the full text of the research is summarized,and it is pointed out that on the basis of this research work,further in-depth research is needed to continuously explore and improve high-rise building fire simulation and personnel evacuation simulation.