| In recent years,the elderly population increased rapidly and the process of aging society accelerated quickly in China.At the same time,the "421" family model presents a mainstream trend,the problem of home-based care is becoming increasingly prominent,and more and more people begin to choose institutional care.In order to promote the healthy development of elderly care services,China proposed to comprehensively strengthen health services for the elderly,and build an elderly care service system that integrates home-based care,community care,institutional care,medical care and health care in “The 14 th five year plan for national economic and social development of the people’s Republic of China ”.However,the development of senior care facilities in China started late and developed rapidly,the construction of senior care facilities lacks the guidance of thermal environment construction standards.There are many problems in indoor thermal environment,which can not meet the needs of healthy and livable of the elderly,and also can not meet the requirements of the healthy development of elderly care services in China.Existing studies show that there are differences between the elderly and young people in thermal comfort,and the existing thermal comfort standards can not meet the elderly’ need.However,the research on the thermal comfort of the elderly in China is not sufficient,and there is no research on the indoor thermal comfort of senior care facilities.In particular,there is no research on indoor thermal comfort of senior care facilities.in Dalian.Dalian is one of the cities with the highest aging degree in China.There will be 1 million606 thousand people over 60 years old,accounting for 26.82% of the total population respectively by the end of 2019.At the same time,Dalian is hot and rainy in summer,the environment is muggy;and it is cold and dry in winter,the heating time is as long as 5 months.The poor outdoor environment and huge energy consumption can not meet the needs of healthy and livable of elderly and green development of senior care facilities.The research on indoor thermal environment and transformation strategy of senior care facilities in Dalian area is of great significance to improve indoor thermal comfort of senior care facilities,reduce building energy consumption and develop green and comfortable senior care facilities.Based on the investigation of the development of old-age buildings in Dalian,this paper selects three senior care facilities as the research samples.Based on the indoor thermal environment measurement in winter,summer and transition season,this paper analyzes the change rules and existing problems of indoor thermal environment of them,calculates the PMV value and analyzes the indoor thermal comfort.Then,by issuing the questionnaire of indoor environment satisfaction,this paper analyzes the actual thermal sensation of the elderly,establishes the thermal comfort evaluation model,and calculates the expected temperature and acceptable temperature range of them.Finally,this paper uses computer to simulate the improvement effect of building energy consumption and indoor thermal environment under different transformation strategies,and puts forward the improvement and reconstruction strategies of senior care facilities.The main research contents are as follows:(1)Investigating on the current situation and existing problems of senior care facilities in Dalian,and determining the typical case.This paper investigates the current situation of the construction and operation of pension buildings in Dalian.Then it summarizes the built environment from the aspects of site selection and layout,site design,function configuration and barrier free design,so as to determine the typical senior care facilities research cases.The results show that there are some problems such as poor performance of envelope structure,low occupancy rate,insufficient indoor barrier free design,low internal greening rate,less activity facilities and so on,which can not meet the needs of comfortable living and green development of the elderly.(2)Measuring temperature and humidity data of typical senior care facilities,and analyzing the status of thermal environment.Based on the indoor temperature and humidity measurement of typical senior care facilities in winter,summer and transition season,this paper analyzes the change trend of indoor thermal environment according to the air quality standards.The results show that the indoor temperature and humidity are high and the thermal environment is muggy in summer;the indoor temperature is comfortable in winter,but the environment is dry;the indoor thermal environment is more comfortable in transition season.(3)Evaluating the indoor thermal comfort of typical senior care facilities,and calculating the acceptable temperature range of elderly.Based on the measured data and questionnaire,this paper evaluates the indoor thermal comfort.Then it established the thermal comfort evaluation model of MTS and calculated the thermal expectation temperature and the acceptable temperature range of 80% and 90% of the elderly.It is found that in winter,the actual thermal neutral temperature of the elderly is 0.1 ～0.3 ℃ higher than the predicted thermal neutral temperature,and the actual acceptable temperature range is 0.3 ～ 0.6 ℃ smaller than the predicted acceptable temperature range.The elderly is more sensitive to the colder environment and tend to the warmer environment.In summer,the actual thermal neutral temperature of the elderly is 1 ℃ higher than the predicted thermal neutral temperature,and the actual acceptable temperature range is 0.2-0.4 ℃ smaller than the predicted thermal neutral temperature.It shows that the elderly is more tolerant to the hot environment.(4)Putting forward a best function improvement and reconstruction strategy of senior care facilities based on simulation analysis.By summarizing the construction practice and transformation measures of building envelope in cold regions of China,this paper uses Energy Plus software to simulate and analyze the energy saving rate,carbon emission and thermal comfort improvement effect of different transformation strategies from three aspects of external wall,external window and roof.Finally,the paper puts forward the optimal function upgrading and reconstruction strategy of the typical senior care facilities with 70 mm EPS insulation board + Low-E + 12 + 6 insulating glass(inert gas)+ 80 mm XPS insulation board.This paper hopes to provide reference for the construction of healthy indoor thermal environment and livable transformation of senior care facilities in Dalian and other cold areas. |
