Study On The Characteristics And Operating Energy Consumption Of Ultra-low Energy-consuming Buildings In Highcold And High-altitude Areas

Promoting buildings towards ultra-low energy consumption is an important measure for global energy conservation and emission reduction and response to climate change,and it is also a key link for China to achieve the goal of carbon peak,carbon neutrality.Since the introduction of the German passive housing concept into China in2007,many scholars in China have made many achievements in the feasibility,technical realization path,standard-setting and demonstration project construction of ultra-low energy-consuming buildings.However,whether it is theoretical research or demonstration project construction and promotion is mostly concentrated in the north and central China’s cold and cold areas,for China’s northwest high-cold high-altitude ultra-low energy-consuming building research and promotion is not perfect.The natural environment in high-cold and high-altitude areas is harsh,the winter is cold and long,the traditional heating method energy utilization rate is low and the environmental pollution is serious.Therefore,strengthening the research on ultra-low energyconsuming buildings under the climatic conditions,and using the abundant solar energy resources in the area to achieve large-scale construction and promotion of ultra-lowenergy buildings,can effectively improve the local heating caused by the shortage of resources and environmental pollution.Based on the first ultra-low energy-consuming residential building located in Haidong City,Qinghai Province,and the first ultra-low-energy public building located in Guoluo County,Qinghai Province,this paper investigates the current situation of building energy consumption in high-cold and high-altitude areas from the aspects of climate characteristics,enclosure structure and renewable energy utilization in the highcold high-altitude area of northwest China.The indoor and outdoor environment and energy consumption of the two demonstration buildings under the operating conditions of pure passive and heating systems are monitored and analyzed,and the main conclusions are as follows:(1)Demonstration Building I.In the heating season,compared to the highperformance enclosure structure and new wind heat recovery operating conditions(condition 4),in the setting of only new wind and heat recovery operating conditions(condition 3),the cumulative heat load and new wind heat load(thermal load)are set This was reduced by 18.42% and 27.37%,and the cumulative heat load and indoor thermal load(thermal load)decreased by 28.09% and 61.41%,respectively,under the conditions(condition 2)of high-performance enclosures Under the conditions(condition 1)of setting up high-performance enclosure results and new wind heat recovery,the cumulative heat load,the cumulative indoor thermal load(thermal load)and the new wind heating load(thermal load)decreased by 46.42% and 62.14%respectively And 26.42%,compared with operating conditions 1 and operating conditions 2,demonstration building I.After the setting up of new wind heat recovery,the new wind thermal load(thermal load)decreased significantly,reduced by 27.33 percent,indoor thermal load(thermal load)changed little,The cumulative thermal load decreased by 25.49% for the whole year,compared with the operating conditions 3 and4,after the new wind heat recovery was set up,the new wind thermal load(thermal load)decreased by 27.37%,and the cumulative heat load decreased by 18.42%.(2)Demonstration Building II In the heating season,compared to the operating conditions 4,the cumulative heat load and the new wind thermal load(thermal load)decreased by 12.55 percent and 32.87 percent,respectively This decreased by 26.72%and 36.46%,respectively,while the cumulative thermal load,cumulative indoor thermal load(thermal load)and new wind thermal load(thermal load)decreased by38.7%,37.01% and 30.85%,respectively.Comparing operating conditions 1 and conditions 2,demonstration building II After setting up the new wind heat recovery,the new wind thermal load(thermal load)decreased significantly,reducing by 32.55 percent,and the cumulative heat load decreased by 16.35 percent for the whole year;(3)Under the passive test conditions of the heating system not turned on,the average indoor temperature of the demonstration building I is 14.7 degrees C,the average temperature difference from the outdoor time-by-hour is 14.6 degrees C,and the indoor first floor of the demonstration building II The average temperature of the measuring point is 15.03 degrees C,the average temperature of the second floor measuring point is 18.77 degrees C,and the average temperature difference from the outdoor time-by-hour is 26.61 degrees C and 30.35 degrees C,respectively.(4)Based on the measured data,it is calculated that the thermal exchange efficiency of the new wind heat switch of the demonstration building I and the demonstration building II is 77.65 percent and 78.67 percent,respectively,the efficiency of the demonstration building I.solar heating system is 47.66 percent,and the heat provided by the solar collector accounts for 81.25 percent of the total heating system in the case of the demonstration building I.heating system opening 1-8 floors and no one is staying.