Urban Road Utilization Based On Ride-hailing Data

In recent years,with the increase of number and scale of vehicles in China,such as traffic congestion,energy consumption,too far detour,low driving efficiency,especially in developed cities.Improving transportation efficiency can not only reduce energy consumption and pollution,but also improve work efficiency of people,which also plays a key role in improving the efficiency of urban time-space mode.The objective evaluation of whether the traffic network layout is reasonable or not and its impact on urban morphology and development is of great significance for the construction of an efficient road transportation system,and is attracting great attention worldwide.At present,a large number of data are collected and stored by enterprises,which provides us an unprecedented opportunity to objectively evaluate the operation rate of road structure.A large number of human behaviors are periodicity and regularity,and urban transportation network is also affected by human behaviors with spatiotemporal change pattern.This paper proposed four indicators—urban road redundant energy,urban road structure operation efficiency,urban road detour ratio,and urban radiation radius.The urban road redundant energy index also considers the temporal and spatial variation characteristics of vehicle operation,and calculates the energy waste caused by the increase of distance and traffic congestion of all car Hailing vehicles in the city,which is called redundant energy.The operation efficiency index of urban road structure measures the efficiency of road structure from the perspective of time and space.The urban road detour ratio evaluates the rationality of road design from a spatial perspective.The city’s radiation radius index is used to measure the connectivity within the city.We also use the city’s average radius of radiation to calculate the number of centers and morphological polycentricity of different cities,in order to describe the balance of urban morphology and explore the impact of urban centers on the road structure.Urban redundant energy indicators show that China’s urban transportation energy consumption is unevenly distributed.Cities with higher energy consumption are concentrated in the eastern coastal and central regions,while western and northern cities consume less energy.Redundant energy distribution is related to social and economic development.The better the economic development,the more redundant energy a city has.We used the road structure operation efficiency index to find that most cities have similar road structure efficiency,but the road operation efficiency of Chongqing and Guangzhou is significantly lower than other cities,mainly due to the intricate roads leading to detours and traffic congestion leading to low operating efficiency.Urban road bypass ratio reveals the problem of low road utilization rate in Beijing and Shijiazhuang.We visualized the areas with the lowest utilization rate and found that they have something in common-they are all caused by large roads such as airports,railway stations,expressways,ring roads and viaducts.This shows that the construction of large-scale roads is convenient for long-distance travelers,but it has a negative impact on the residents living surrounding areas.The urban radiation radius reveals that first-tier cities such as Beijing,Shanghai,Guangzhou,Shenzhen and other first-tier cities have stronger internal road connectivity than other cities,indicating that people in first-tier cities have close travel and communication and road connections.The urban radiation radius reveals that first-tier cities such as Beijing,Shanghai,Guangzhou,Shenzhen and other first-tier cities have stronger internal road connectivity than other cities,indicating that people in first-tier cities have close traffic and road connectivity.We compared the city center with the administrative planning center and found that the city center of Beijing is very in line with the city plan,while other cities have not fully developed according to the plan due to the implementation of the central plan.The conclusion shows that the concentration of population and economic development will enhance the connectivity of urban road structures,but will lead to the increase of urban redundant energy,which needs to arouse our vigilance.The above indicators in this study provide a macro decision-making reference for the planning and evaluation of the road structure of major cities in China.