Bird Habitat Design Of Wetland Park Considering Birdwatching Activities

With the rapid increase of urbanizations,human activities such as construction,traveling and contaminations inevitably caused interference and damage to the natural environment,resulting in the reduction of bird habitats in urban regions.Wetland parks provide natural ecological environment for the feeding,breading and stepping stones of birds.Thus,wetland parks become ideal places for bird protection,attracting a large number of tourists.However,with the increase of the number of tourists and tourism activities,the interference to birds is also increasing.The number of birds decreased after being disturbed,which will further affect the visitors’ birdwatching experience.Therefore,how to create a habitat that takes into account the needs of bird habitat and bird watching activities is an urgent issue in the landscape planning and design of Wetland Park.It is of great significance to improve the quality of ecological protection and recreational service function of Wetland Park..This paper analyzes the living habits of birds in different ecological groups and their needs for habitats.This paper discusses the relationship between bird activities and the environment from three aspects: vegetation,water and human activities.By using the method of questionnaire,this paper investigates and analyzes the basic situation,demand and behavior of bird watching of wetland park visitors.Based on the investigation results,the principles and methods of bird habitat design in urban parks are proposed.This paper takes Beijing Cuihu Urban Wetland Park as a design case.From the aspects of functional zoning,plant allocation,water system designing,waterfront revetment,bird viewing points,human interference and isolation measures,the design scheme of bird habitat for Cuihu Urban Wetland Park considering bird watching activities is proposed.The main conclusions are as follows:(1)The common wetland waterfowl ecological groups in Beijing Wetland Park are mainly wading birds dominated by herons and waders,and swimming birds dominated by wild geese and ducks.They have different needs for habitat location,nesting environment,food,etc.The sensitive factors affecting their behavior mainly include vegetation,water and human factors.They have different needs on habitat location,nesting environment,food,etc.The sensitive factors affecting their behavior mainly include vegetation factors,water factors and human factors.(2)There are three types of tourists participating in birdwatching activities: ordinary tourists,amateur birdwatchers and professional birdwatchers,of which the number of ordinary tourists is the largest.Birdwatchers have a certain demand for close birdwatching and birdwatching facilities that can carry out close birdwatching.At the same time,tourists have a high acceptance of bird protection measures.There are some activities that disturb the birds,such as dressing brightly and approaching them quickly.(3)The design principles of bird habitat in Wetland Park which take bird watching activities into consideration include: livable for bird;interference minimize,accessibility and touristlimiting,so as to balance the needs of bird watching activities and bird habitat.(4)Taking Cuihu National Urban Wetland Park as the case area,the bird habitat design considering bird watching activities was carried out.Through the plant configuration,water morphology,deep transformation,construction of bird habitat Island,optimization of bird habitat revetment and other measures to provide a diverse habitat for birds.From the determination of the scope of birdwatching activities and the design of birdwatching sites,it can provide visitors with birdwatching convenience.Then,the peripheral plant isolation zone,birdwatching isolation zone,habitat isolation zone and online birdwatching are used to design and control the interference of tourists.In the end,the construction of bird habitat considering the needs of bird watching is realized.