Research On The Design Of Elderly Architecture Space Based On Phenomenology Of Perception

Under the background that China is about to enter a deep aging society,the design of pension buildings has become a focus in the field of architecture.Since 2001,China’s pension building industry has been developing rapidly.In the past design practice of pension buildings,there are many problems,such as designers use hotels,housing and other design experience to apply mechanically to pension buildings;one sidedly emphasize the "hard indicators" such as building area and per capita beds,ignore the "soft factors" such as furniture layout and personnel service;the function service of design is out of line with the actual pension demand,resulting in poor utilization rate of pension buildings.In view of this,this paper first selects the perceptual phenomenology theory as the starting point to study the pension architecture,and combs the development process of philosophy from Husserl to Heidegger and then to merlea Ponty;The early phenomenology of Kevin Lynch and Schultz in the field of architecture is briefly introduced;The phenomenological design ideas of Steven hall,pallasma and zumto,which are closely related to perceptual phenomenology,are introduced in detail;The perceptual phenomenology is connected with pension buildings,and its guiding role in the space design of pension buildings is explored to lay a theoretical foundation for the following research.Then,based on the survey data,combined with the existing theories of medicine,environmental psychology and geriatric sociology,the physiological characteristics of the elderly are summarized from the sensory characteristics and physical quality;This paper summarizes the behavior patterns of the elderly from two aspects of behavior types and behavior characteristics;This paper summarizes the psychological emotion of the elderly from two aspects of psychological state and psychological needs.At last,the field investigation of two pension buildings is briefly described.From the perception of the elderly and pension building space examples,this paper provides sufficient empirical research for the subsequent analysis of pension building space combined with phenomenology.Then,from the perspective of perceptual phenomenology,this paper analyzes the space of pension buildings from three aspects: perceptual feedback,situational experience and atmosphere perception.Perceptual feedback corresponds to the physiological perception of the elderly,situational experience corresponds to the behavior mode of the elderly,and atmosphere perception corresponds to the psychological emotion of the elderly.The spatial perceptual feedback is analyzed from five perceptual ways: vision,hearing,smell,touch and taste;This paper analyzes the spatial scene experience from five behavior patterns: sit in observation,rest and sleep,waiting for rest,travel and entertainment;This paper analyzes the perception of space atmosphere from four functional areas of residence,communication,entertainment and transportation.Finally,based on the previous data and analysis,three principles of space construction are proposed: creating a sense of belonging,a sense of life and a sense of order;Five types of space materials: color,light,sound,touch and smell;Two guides of spatial behavior: dynamic and static;There are four ways to create emotional atmosphere: security,control,intimacy and nostalgia.