| The urban park is one of the main outdoor public spaces,and its environmental quality is closely related to the public health of residents.The environmental quality of parks is one of the important factors that affect the use of parks by urban residents.Good air quality,comfortable thermal environment and suitable activity space in the park are conducive to the physical and mental health of residents;In addition,high-quality urban park environment helps to improve the frequency of residents’ outdoor activities and enhance the vitality of the city.Taking Zhengzhou people’s Park,Zijingshan Park,and Bishagang Park as the research objects,this paper divides the internal space of the park into five types(open square,lawn,semi-indoor space,under forest space,and waterfront space).In sunny days weather in autumn,through field investigation and field measurement,the concentration of particles(PM1,PM2.5,PM10),environmental factors(wind speed,temperature,humidity,sky visibility factor,leaf area index),and crowd characteristics(crowd activity mode,crowd number)in different spaces were monitored to explore the spatial and temporal distribution of environmental factors in urban parks and their relationship with public health Relationship.Combined with R studio,SPSS22,and Excel2016 software,the temporal and spatial distribution of particles,microclimate factors,and human comfort in the sample area were described and analyzed.Based on the measured data and analysis,the strategies and suggestions for park planning,design,and management based on public health were put forward.(1)The results showed that the concentrations of PM1 and PM2.5 in the lawn were significantly different from other spaces from 8:00 to 14:00(P<0.05);the daily variation trend of particles concentrations in different spaces was the same,and there were significant differences between some periods(P<0.05),and the peak and valley were from 14:00 to 16:00,so it was more suitable for outdoor activities in the lower concentration of particles from 14:00 to 16:00 The type of underlying surface in the space,the way of people’s activities,and the structure of surrounding plant community all have an impact on the concentration of the particles.(2)There was no significant difference in air temperature and relative humidity between different spaces in different periods.However,in 10:00-12:00 and 12:00-14:00,the wind speed of lawn was significantly higher than that of other spaces;in five types of space,the relative humidity of 8:00-10:00 and 16:00-18:00 was significantly higher than that of other periods;in five types of space,the temperature and humidity were significantly negatively correlated;in the open square,lawn and forest space,the humidity and wind speed were significantly negatively correlated;in open square and waterfront space,the wind speed was significantly higher was negatively correlated with LAI and positively correlated with SVF.(3)The comfort degree of lawn,semi-indoor,under forest and waterfront space is comfortable,the comfort degree of the square is warm,the comfort degree of inner space of the urban park is due to the background comfort degree of Zhengzhou environment;the time change of human comfort degree in different spaces is inverted "U" shape.(4)From the perspective of social-psychological distance theory,the lawn can meet the needs of residents not to be disturbed,but lawn can not fully meet the needs of residents for too private activities;semi-indoor space can not meet the requirements of more private activities;semi-indoor,under forest and waterfront space,are more suitable for social activities,such as band rehearsal.The per capita area of the open-air square is large,and it can also meet the activities of keeping a certain distance from strangers.The research results provide a theoretical basis and practical experience for the planning,design,and management of urban parks with the goal of public health in the future. |
