Carbon Emission Assessment Of Civil Buildings

In order to build a more beautiful and livable urban environment,Shenzhen has promoted green and low-carbon development in the field of building actively.Currently,Shenzhen has become one of the cities with the largest scale and highest density of green buildings,and it is also one of the cities with the most green building evaluation projects in China.However,there are still many problems such as the difficulty in implementing the green building standards,the insignificant effect of energy conservation and emission reduction,the unsound post-evaluation methods and the low level of social cognition about save energy,which make the green development of the building sector in Shenzhen still under great pressure.Therefore,it is contain great practical significance and practical value to carry out reasonable assessment about energy conservation and emission reduction effect,further to in-depth research and develop sustainable improvement management strategies for building industry.Shenzhen civil building as the research object,this thesis adopts the Life Cycle assessment（LCA）,with carbon dioxide emission equivalent（CO₂ equivalent）as a comprehensive index of environmental impact,combine top-down（such as the statistics data about building area,comprehensive energy consumption）and bottom-up（such as the survey data about residential and public building energy consumption）to obtaining basic data,and then proceed the uncertainty and regression analysis to form Life Cycle Inventory and conducting LCA evaluation research.To measure the resource and energy consumption intensity of different types of civil buildings and analyze their corresponding carbon emission,further to identify the key influencing factors.In addition,through comparative analysis with other low-carbon pilot cities in China,the development level of energy-saving buildings in Shenzhen was evaluated.Accordingly,low-carbon development management strategies and paths of the building sector were proposed from the aspects of energy supply and consumption methods,energy-saving technology,supporting policies.The results show that:（1）the total CO₂-eq of civil buildings in Shenzhen increased from21.68 million tons in 2005 to 41.07 million tons in 2018.Despite the total carbon emission growth rapidly due to the rapid increase in urban development and building area,the average annual growth rate of carbon emissions has decreased from 10%in 2005 to 3%in 2018.In2018,the emission reduction of the city’s civil buildings reached 1.95 million tons of CO₂-eq.（2）From the perspective of building categories,residential buildings and public buildings account for about 42%and 58%of total carbon emissions respectively.According to the contribution source,the carbon emission mainly comes from building electricity and air conditioning refrigerant consumption,which account for about 85%and 12%of the total carbon emission respectively.Divided by region and industrial layout,the regions where technology and commerce are relatively developed emit more CO₂-eq due to the high intensity of building use,while the areas with concentrated government offices have comprehensive energy conservation control measures,and the energy conservation and emission reduction effect of buildings is obviously better.（3）Compared with other green and low-carbon pilot cities（such as Beijing and Shanghai）,the consumption intensity of energy（resource）and carbon emissions of civil buildings in Shenzhen are still at medium level,and there is a large room for improvement.For example,the carbon emission per ten thousand yuan GDP and that reduction rate are relatively low,the carbon emission rate per unit area is slow,and the carbon emission per capita is high,which indicates that the industrial structure should be optimized,reduce the low value-added and high energy consumption industries,speed up the promotion of energy-saving buildings,and improve the energy consumption mode of citizens.（4）There is still 5.03 million tons of CO₂-eq emission reduction potential,if the existing optimal energy-saving cases and models in Shenzhen can be promoted and implemented all over the city.