Study On Lighting Safety And Comfort Of Highway Tunnel Based On Equivalent Illumination Concept

The tunnel on the highway is an accident prone area.When drivers drive through the tunnel,they will be affected by adverse visual effects such as "black box effect",“black hole effect" and "white hole effect",which will bring hidden dangers to traffic safety.At present,the current national regulations have not comprehensively considered the driver’s physiological reactions and psychological feelings and other factors,and have not formed a systematic evaluation index of the safety lighting quality of tunnel traffic.In addition,there is a phenomenon that the management department is not maintained in a timely manner during operation,which can easily lead to traffic accidents and seriously endanger people’s lives and property.Therefore,how to ensure safety and comfort during tunnel traffic operations has become a very important issue.Based on the concept of tunnel equivalent illumination and the research results of tunnel lighting technology,this paper deeply analyzes the basic concept of equivalent illumination and the path of equivalent illumination technology.It tests the spectral color temperature of the tunnel light source through indoor experiments.According to the visual performance theory,the S/P value was introduced to analyze the performance of the light source.Indoor tests were conducted through an indoor tunnel model and a tunnel lighting reaction time test system.From the perspective of the contrast between the road and the wall and the reaction time,the safety and comfort effect of auxiliary tunnel lighting with different sidewall interior decorative materials is studied.Through the above research,the following main conclusions are drawn:Firstly,the research results of tunnel lighting technology show that there are still a series of problems in the application of traditional lighting source and general interior decoration materials to the tunnel lighting project.By contrast,the new lighting source and new-type interior materials are more advantageous in tunnel lighting project.On this basis,the paper combines the concept of equivalent illumination,analyzes the basic idea of equivalent illumination,and from the sngle of light source and the application of sidewall interior decorative material,this paper analyzes and puts forward the realization path of tunnel equivalent illumination technology.Secondly,combined with the implementation path of equivalent illumination technology,the optical properties such as the spectral color temperature of the light source of different types of light sources were tested and analyzed.The results of the study indicate that different kinds of light sources have different spectral energy distributions,but they may have the same relative color temperature and S/P value;the relative color temperature and S/P value of LED light sources increase with the increase of the blue light content in the spectrum;considering the concept of equivalent illumination and the long-term use effect,it is most suitable to use LED light sources in tunnel lighting projects.Thirdly,combined with the implementation path of equivalent illumination technology,the law of change of parameters such as illuminance,brightness,small target reaction time,and time of foot exchange under the LED light source with auxiliary illumination of different sidewalls were tested and analyzed.The results of the study indicate that sidewall interior decorative materials mainly affect the average illuminance and average luminance of the road surface and wall surface,and the contrast of luminance between the wall surface and the road surface.The average illuminance and average luminance of the road surface and wall surface,and the contrast of luminance between the wall surface and the road surface increase with the increase of the reflectivity(mainly diffuse reflection)of the interior decorative material of the side wall.The luminance of background,the relative color temperature of the LED light source,and the sidewall material have an influence on the reaction time,and have no effect on the time of the exchange of the foot during driving;the reaction time decrease with the increase of the luminance of background,the relative color temperature of the LED light source,and the reflectance(mainly diffuse reflection)of the interior material of the sidewall.Fourthly,based on a series of experiments,combined with the power law of experimental psychology,using the relationship between reaction time and background brightness to establish the driving safety model,using the reaction time and the relative color temperature of the LED light source to establish a driving comfort model,and the test data fitting is better.In summary,the safety and comfort of tunnel lighting can be effectively enhanced by selecting the light source with high S/P value,increasing the brightness of the lighting environment in the tunnel,selecting LED light source with high relative color temperature or replacing the sidewall material with high reflectivity(mainly diffuse reflectance).Based on the concept of tunnel equivalent illumination,the equivalent lighting realization path analyzed in this paper enriches and perfects the equivalent lighting theory system,and provides ideas for creating a safe and comfortable high-quality tunnel lighting environment;the mathematical model of tunnel lighting safety and the mathematic model of tunnel lighting comfort can provide reference for the related research and design of tunnel lighting project;the research results further laid the foundation for the application of LED light sources and reflective materials in tunnel lighting projects.