| With the enhancement of urbanization level continually,the imbalances in the spatial distribution of public service facilities began to appear.Currently.most of researchers focus mainly on the research about the distribution of medical facilities,yet the attentions paid to the distribution of education facilities is relatively deficient,especially the research about the preschool education resources.The fully implementation of the two-child policy will bring about the demographic shifts and urban expansion,which inevitably will put forward higher requirements on the distribution of kindergarten.Therefore,the research about the spatial distribution of kindergarten has become imperative.Based on the research in the spatial distribution of public service facilities in domestic and foreign countries,this paper takes the Fuzhou City as a typical case to analyze the spatial distribution pattern and spatial accessibility of the kindergarten,and apply the Location Allocation Model to optimize the spatial distribution of regional kindergarten,aiming to provide theoretical basis and empirical support for the balanced distribution of preschool education facilities.First of all,through the analysis of the status quo,density mapping,point pattern analysis and so on,the paper could reveal the spatial attribute of the kindergarten and residential area,further to check the matching attribute of the kindergarten distribution and age population distribution.On the basis of generally grasping the layout features of the kindergarten and residential area,we could further measure the spatial accessibility of the kindergarten distribution;finally,we could optimize the spatial distribution of the kindergarten and put forward the suggestions about the balanced distribution.The research has found that the Fuzhou kindergarten are not evenly distributed and show the trend of cluster distribution.The highest density area is in the southwest region of Jin’an District,and the spatial distribution of kindergarten matches well with the distribution of school-age children.However,the overall accessibility of Fuzhou City’s kindergarten distribution is unsatisfactory,and only a minority of the region,a small number of people can get a good kindergarten accessibility.As for the accessibility of kindergarten,the west region is much better than the east region,and north slightly better than the south,demonstrating a polycentric structure at the same time.The high accessibility areas are mainly distributed in the center of the city and scattered around the city.besides,the lack of teachers in the rural villages and towns is obvious.The kindergarten accessibility also varies greatly in the internal urban area,and the distribution of kindergarten’s resources present in the polarizing characteristics.Through the application of V2SFCA in the spatial accessibility of kindergarten,the research have achieved a breakthrough in the methods relative to the traditional accessibility evaluation,thus could factually reflect the application situation of facilities.Because of the inequity of preschool education resources’ distribution,capacitated maximum coverage location model is applied to the optimization of kindergartens.The solution is divided into the closure and recombination of kindergartens,capacity adjustment of kindergartens and establishment of kindergartens in accordance with specific circumstances and needs.Besides the establishment of kindergartens,the dynamically adjustments of the location and capacity to existing kindergartens are necessary to attach importance to the optimization,which pursues efficiency and equity maximization.Combined with the analysis on distribution characteristics and spatial accessibility,three aspects of suggestions were proposed for equilibrium layout,the planning of rational distribution,the efficient financial investment and perfect system construction. |
