Research On The "Last-Mile" Low-Carbon Route Of Rural Logistics Distribution Under Crowdsourcing

In order to solve the problem of "last mile" distribution cost of e-commerce logistics,crowdsourcing logistics is widely studied and practiced by scholars and enterprises.As we all know,rural e-commerce logistics "last mile" distribution is a high-cost,energy-consuming link,which has also become the bottleneck of rural e-commerce "industrial goods downstream".The rapid development of China’s rural e-commerce,the volume of online shopping parcels continue to grow,intensifying the difficulties of rural e-commerce logistics "last mile" distribution.To solve the rural logistics distribution problems,the government actively built county,township and village logistics system;logistics enterprises also through innovation transformation and upgrading,optimized the "last mile" distribution mode.Wal-Mart,Amazon,Jingdong and other large logistics enterprises have been crowd-sourcing logistics,integrating social human resources as the receiving party and helping logistics centers to provide distribution services for the issuing party.These successful practices have provided a reference for studying the cost and carbon emission optimization of the "last mile" distribution route of rural e-commerce logistics.The main research contents are as follows.(1)The paper has explored the transformation of traditional logistics to crowdsourcing logistics in rural areas.The similarities and differences between rural and urban e-commerce logistics "last mile" distribution problems are compared and analyzed,and the prospects for the development of rural crowdsourcing logistics mode are elaborated by combining successful cases of crowdsourcing logistics.Based on the multi-level perspective analysis framework,the transformation process and system characteristics of rural logistics are analyzed based on the three-level logistics system of county,township and village under the joint action of niche,landscape and crowdsourcing socio-technical paradigm,and four stages of rural crowdsourcing logistics transformation are concluded,which provides a theoretical framework for the establishment of rural crowdsourcing logistics model.(2)The paper has studied the problem of "last mile" distribution cost of rural crowdsourcing logistics,and optimized the distribution route by optimizing the distribution cost.Based on the customer’s time window demand,we have constructed the satisfaction function of the issuer to optimize the cost of the "last mile" distribution route of rural crowdsourcing logistics.With the total cost optimization as the goal and the time window demand and vehicle capacity of the outsourcing party as the constraints,we have constructed a cost optimization model for the "last mile" distribution route of rural e-commerce crowdsourcing logistics,and solved it by using genetic algorithm;analyzed and compared the cost,mileage and satisfaction between rural traditional logistics and crowdsourcing logistics,and compared the willingness of the delivery range of the receiving party.Sensitivity analysis has been conducted on the willingness coefficient,vehicle capacity and vehicle speed of the delivery range of the receiving party to explore their effects on the mileage and cost of the delivery route,and to verify the economy of rural crowdsourcing logistics in the "last mile" delivery.(3)In the context of "carbon peaking" and "carbon neutral",we heve studied the carbon emission problem of rural logistics in the "last mile",and optimized the distribution route by optimizing the carbon emission of vehicles.Based on the penalty cost,we have constructed a satisfaction function to optimize the carbon emission of the "last mile" distribution route of rural crowdsourcing logistics.The carbon emission models of the four delivery tools have been calculated;with the objectives of minimizing the vehicle delivery cost,penalty cost and external cost of carbon emission,and the constraints of time window,vehicle capacity and maximum vehicle mileage,a genetic algorithm has been applied to solve the low carbon model of rural crowdsourcing.The carbon emission,cost and satisfaction changes of rural crowdsourcing logistics route are compared under three different scenarios considering carbon emission,vehicle model and satisfaction.Sensitivity analysis has been conducted on vehicle speed of different vehicle models to examine the effect of vehicle speed on carbon emission and verify the low carbon nature of rural crowdsourcing logistics.