| Ecological compensation is an effective means of internalizing the externality of ecological environmental protection,and an important mechanism to realize the coordinated and sustainable development of economy-society-ecology in the upper,middle and lower reaches of the river basin.The Minjiang River Basin is a typical and important tributary in the upper reaches of the Yangtze River.The upper reaches are composed of ecological function areas,while the middle and lower reaches are composed of dominated by key development areas.The ecological environment and socio-economic level of these regions differ significantly,with strong temporal and spatial heterogeneity.The In-depth exploration of ecological compensation mechanism in the Minjiang River Basin has strong practical significance for the balanced and sustainable development of the basin,and also has referential significance for the construction of ecological compensation mechanisms for other rivers in the Yangtze River Basin.From the perspective of temporal and spatial heterogeneity,this study collects the data of land use in the Minjiang River Basin and constructs a standard accounting model for ecological compensation in the basin based on the spillover theory.Spatial and temporal evolution of basin ecology characterized by breakpoint year compensation standards in 2000,2005,2010,2015 and 2018,and the 19-year cumulative ecological compensation standard from 2000 to 2018 reflects the integral ecological pattern of the basin.This study divides the compensating subjects and the compensated subjects,and then the ecological compensation is allocated based on the idea of ecosystem service flow,and each compensated subject receives the amount of compensation that each compensation subject should give to them.Then it carries out the spatio selection of ecological compensation based on factors such as economic development level,ecological benefit spillover,ecological compensation priority sequence（ECPS）,ecological importance and sensitivity,and divides the areas based on the priority of compensating subjects and compensated subjects.Finally,according to the urgency of ecological compensation and the main functional areas,the preferential combination of compensation methods is proposed,and a typical ecological compensation mechanism in the river basin is constructed,which aims to provide theoretical reference for the establishment of policies related to ecological compensation in relevant river basins.The main conclusions are as follows:（1）Ecological compensation standard accounting and temporal and spatial evolution:（1）From 2000 to 2018,the service value of ecosystem in the Minjiang River Basin increased first and then decreased,and service function of the ecosystem showed a declining trend,while most of the low-value areas in the east showed an upward trend,and the changes in different river basins,main functional areas and counties varied quite different.（2）the carbon emissions of construction land continued to increase,especially in the national key development zones and the provincial key development zones.But the growth rate gradually slowed down,indicating that the region has realized the importance of ecology,and the rate of energy utilization has increased.（3）In terms of ecological compensation standard,during the19-year period from 2000 to 2018,it showed an overflow state in the service value of ecosystem,and partial compensation outside the basin could be accepted.And upper reaches and the western area of the middle and lower reaches are the overflow areas of ecosystem service value,and the eastern area of the middle and lower reaches is the occupied area.The decline rate has tended to moderate since 2010,indicating that ecological and environmental issues have gained more attention.（2）The subjects of ecological compensation and the distribution of the compensation:（1）The number of the compensating subjects and the compensated subjects are basically the same,and the ecological conditions are stable.Compensating subjects are concentrated in the eastern part of the middle and lower reaches,mainly in key development zones,and the number of compensating subjects in the middle reaches has increased significantly.（2）In terms of the distribution of ecological compensation,the direction of ecosystem service flow of the recipients in the upstream areas is mostly from north to south,and the largest input area is the Chengdu Plain,which maily includes the urban area of Chengdu.The size of the urban area and the artesian well area,the downstream flows from east to north,and decreases with the increase of distance,and the distribution of compensation is the same as the trend.Aggregated by county,each district and county in Chengdu pays the most amount,and five upstream counties and counties（incuding cities and districts）in the southwest of the basin receive the most amount.（3）In terms of spatio selection of ecological compensation and mechanism construction:（1）In terms of spatio selection of ecological compensation,all districts and counties are divided into priority compensated areas,secondary compensated areas,deferred compensatied areas,priority compensating areas,secondary compensating areas and deferred compensating areas by clustering.（2）In terms of the methods of ecological compensation,four types of methods are combined according to the urgency of the compensated subjects and the division of main functional areas.And the combination of capital + material + geographically distribured development is fast and effective without damaging the local ecology,and is suitable for priority compensated areas in upstream and downstream.The combination of capital + material + policy is fast and effective and promotes local self-development,thus suitable for priority compensated areas in the middle reaches.The combination of policies +projects + intelligence can best stimulate its own development momentum,and it is suitable for secondary compensated areas and suspended development zones in the middle and lower reaches.The combination of policy + intelligence + geographically distribured development can stimulate its own development momentum and protects the ecological environment,and suits for suspended development zones in the upstream.（3）This study combines the ecological compensation standard,the subjects of ecological compensation,the distribution of compensation,the zoning of ecological compensation and the methods of ecological compensation to construct the ecological compensation mechanism for the Minjiang River Basin.Compensation is the main one,Upstream areas are all compensated subjects,whose received compensation consists 51.54% of all.The middle stream areas mainly focus on giving compensation,and compensation they give accounts for 86.22% of the total amount,while the external received compensation only accounts for 0.5%.This study establishes a multi-scale ecological compensation mechanism based on the upper,middle and lower reaches of the basin,the types of main functional areas and administrative units,and provides theoretical reference and data support for the establishment of a horizontal ecological compensation mechanism in the upper,middle and lower reaches of the Minjiang River basin. |
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