Research On The Value Measurement Of Ecological Environment Damage And Compensation In Open-Pit Mining Area

As the energy pillar of China’s economic development,coal resource is an indispensable material basis for human survival,economic construction and social development.The exploitation and utilization of coal resources is the need of economic and social development.With the exploitation of high-intensity resources,the damage and pollution of ecological environment become more and more serious,causing a series of ecological problems.In order to achieve sustainable development,it is necessary to repair and compensate the damaged ecological environment,maintain the ecological balance of resource mining areas,build "green mines" and realize "green development".On the mining area ecological compensation is needs to solve three problems in "who will compensate,how much to compensate and how to pay",corresponding to the mining area ecological compensation,compensation of power and responsibility of subject and object definition and its amount of calculation and the choice of the ways of compensation,to treasure,open-pit coal mine as an example,this thesis combined with remote sensing images and field investigation,experimental testing method for open coal mine area ecological compensation subject,compensation of line and the way of compensation and the qualitative and quantitative analysis,the main conclusions are as follows:(1)By cone segmentation method of combing the coal resources exploitation and ecological environment restoration and the stakeholders involved in the process of ecological compensation,analyzed including the central government,local government,mining enterprises,local residents and the third party governance institutions,conflicts of interest between multiple main body,determine the division of power and responsibility of subject and object,and the ecological compensation.The central and local governments as well as mining enterprises should be the main body of ecological compensation,but the division of power and responsibility is different.Mining enterprises are responsible for providing funds for the restoration and governance of the damaged ecological environment within the mining area,while the central government,as the owner of the resources,naturally has the responsibility of management and supervision,while local governments,as lower administrative organs,also have the right to manage and distribute benefits.As the first layer of benefit distribution,governments at all levels should assume the responsibility of supporting the effect of ecological environmental governance in mining areas.As the object of ecological compensation,mining residents should be compensated because they are directly affected.They mainly play a supervisory role in the implementation of ecological compensation and enjoy the benefits of ecological compensation.The third party governance organization is neither the subject nor the object,but the employer bound by the contract,responsible for the ecological governance and restoration effect of the mining area and subject to the supervision of enterprises,residents and the government.(2)Based on the systematic analysis of the negative externalities caused by the mining of coal resources,the scope of the impact on the mining ecological environment,the comprehensive value of the loss and the final amount of ecological compensation are determined.Remote sensing ecological index(RSEI)was calculated by using remote sensing images before mining(1996)and after mining(2019),and the impact area of mining was determined by buffer analysis.In 1996,the average RSEI values within the 0km,1km,2km,5km,8km and 10 km buffers were0.85,0.39,0.54,0.43,0.53 and 0.50,respectively,while in 2019,the average RSEI values are 0.53,0.36,0.33,0.36,0.43 and 0.43.Through comparison and trend analysis,it is found that the difference between the average RSEI and the ecological background RSEI within the 2km buffer zone of the mining boundary is the largest,which is only 61.1% of the ecological background value.Therefore,the mining area and its surrounding 2km area are designated as the area with the most serious damage to the ecological environment caused by mining.Based on this range,the direct value and indirect value of the loss of ecological environment are calculated.For the direct value,the restoration cost method and substitution value method were used to calculate the lost value of each ecological element affected by resource exploitation,and the total value of the direct loss of the ecological environment was 21.8878 million yuan /a.The indirect value was defined as the loss of ecological service function value,which was calculated by using equivalent factor method,and the result was 12.8354 million yuan /a.According to the comprehensive econometric model of ecological damage value,the final ecological compensation amount was 34.7232 million yuan /a.(3)Based on the determination of the subject and object of ecological compensation,the division of rights and responsibilities between them,and the definition of the amount of ecological compensation,combined with the mining situation,the paper puts forward the ecological compensation mode,which takes the government and enterprises as the main body of compensation,policy compensation and capital compensation as the main body,and material compensation and technical compensation as the auxiliary.In this mode of ecological compensation,the government and mining enterprises perform their respective duties.The government provides basic guarantee and support for ecological restoration and compensation in mining areas by means of financial transfer payment,setting up special compensation funds and preferential policies.At the same time,we should strengthen the supervision of funds,establish a registration system for the use of funds,actively provide channels for the public to participate,and strengthen the public’s willingness to participate and its supervisory role.Mining enterprises can provide funds and materials for ecological compensation,and participate in ecological compensation by providing employment opportunities for the unemployed in mining areas,increasing their appeal and attracting donations from other groups.In addition,mining enterprises should also pay attention to technical compensation,and actively seek solutions to ecological and environmental problems by strengthening cooperation with universities and scientific research institutions.The third party organization should also cooperate with relevant departments to check and accept the effect of ecological restoration in accordance with the contract,so as to facilitate the ecological compensation in the mining area.As the object of compensation,local residents should actively participate in matters related to ecological compensation,and protect their legitimate rights and interests by supervising the progress of ecological restoration in the region and consulting relevant departments and enterprises.This thesis contains a total of 14 figures,13 tables and 149 references.