Ecological Risk Assessment And Spatial Prevention Measures Of Coal Development

Resource based cities have made great contributions to China’s economic and social development in the past,but the long-term disorderly mining has result in the imbalance of regional ecological environment.Affected by the immobility of mineral resources and the characteristics of mining activities,there are spatial differences in the impact of coal mining activities on regional and mining ecological environment.But at present,the ecological risk assessment of mining area mostly takes a certain research area as an example,and only makes a scale study.Therefore,it is necessary to carry out multi-scale ecological risk assessment,accurately identify the spatial distribution characteristics of high-risk areas,and study the spatial prevention of ecological risk under normalization.In this paper,Wuhai City of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region and its surrounding coal development gathering area are taken as the research area.From the regional and high-risk area two scales,the ecological risk assessment is made through the index system constructed by the framework of "source-exposure-receptor".Based on the spatial distribution characteristics of ecological risk,the prevention measures of ecological risk are put forward at different levels.The main research contents and conclusions are as follows:(1)On the regional scale,the study area is divided into 10 evaluation units according to the administrative division and the scope of pollution monitoring and control.According to the characteristics of open-pit coal mining in the study area,the excavation damage,occupation,pollution and improper reclamation are taken as the ecological risk sources,and the receptors are specific landscape types.Through the exposure response analysis of risk sources and receptors,the spatial distribution of comprehensive ecological risk is obtained,The spatial distribution of industrial park is generally higher than that of administrative district,and the risk of Hainan District,Wuda District and Haibowan District is higher.(2)In view of the risk assessment of Hainan,Wuda and Haibowan areas with high ecological risks,including Wuda Industrial Park,Xilaifeng Industrial Park and Qianlishan Industrial Park,the risk assessment on pixel scale is carried out.The spatial characteristics are high risk of bare rock in mining area and central part.Through spatial correlation analysis,the high-risk area and low-risk area have significant spatial aggregation,while the medium risk area is not significant,and the polarization is obvious.(3)Based on the internal ecological risk assessment of regions and high-risk areas,this paper first uses the methods related to regional landscape pattern to explore regional risk prevention,and then puts forward risk prevention strategies from the internal and external perspectives for high-risk areas,and analyzes the internal risk sources,risk receptors and exposure response process.Through the construction of ecological barriers between high-risk areas and low-risk areas,the external environment can reduce the risk,so as to provide reference for the ecological restoration of large-scale open-pit coal mining areas in northwest arid desert area.