Emission Inventories And Pollution Characteristics Of Anthropogenic Air Pollutants In Shandong Province

With the increase of economic aggregate,the acceleration of urbanization and the surge of vehicle ownership,air pollution in Shandong Province is becoming more and more serious.The emission of major air pollutants in Shandong Province ranks first in China,and the pressure of emission reduction is huge.Establishing a high spatio-temporal resolution air pollutant emission inventory is of great significance for understanding the emission characteristics of air pollutants,identifying key pollution sources,conducting air quality simulation,and formulating air pollution prevention and control measures in Shandong Province.In this study,combined with the characteristics of economic development and air pollution in Shandong Province,based on the latest activity level data and emission factors,the anthropogenic air pollutants emission inventory in Shandong Province in 2017 was established by combining the top-down and bottom-up approaches..The spatial and monthly distribution of the air pollutants emissions was analyzed by the appropriate distribution surrogates.Considering the increasingly serious regional ozone pollution in recent years,based on the VOCs emission inventory,the ozone formation potential of different VOCs species was calculated according to the VOCs source profiles,and the main VOCs species and emission sources affecting the ozone formation were identified.Finally,the influence of socio-economic factors on the spatial distribution of air pollutants in Shandong Province is discussed by using the geographic detector.The main conclusions are as follows:The total SO₂,NO_X,PM₁₀,PM_2.5,CO,VOCs,and NH₃ emissions in Shandong for 2017were 1387.8,2488.6,5281.7,3193.0,9250.7,2254.7,and 1210.6 kt,respectively.Fossil fuel combustion source is the main emission source of SO₂ and NO_X accounting for 73.2%and 65.2%of the total emissions,respectively.Industrial process source and dust source are the main contribution sources of PM₁₀ and PM_2.5,contributing 83.0%and 86.9%of their total emissions,respectively.the main emission sources of CO are industrial process source（40.1%）,on-road mobile source（24.3%）and fossil fuel combustion（21.2%）sources,which are the top three emission sources.Industrial processes（60.0%）contributed the largest VOC emissions.NH₃mainly comes from agriculture sources,accounting for 94.5%.From the perspective of city sectors,Linyi,Yantai,and Jining are the cities with the highest annual emissions of SO₂ and NO_X;Rizhao,Laiwu,and Linyi are the cities with the highest emissions of PM₁₀ and PM_2.5;Qingdao,Weifang and Linyi are the cities with higher VOC emissions,and the NH₃ emissions of Weifang,Heze,Dezhou,Linyi and Liaocheng are in the forefront of Shandong Province.For the spatial distribution characteristics,the high emissions of SO₂,NO_X,CO,PM₁₀,PM_2.5 and VOCs are mainly concentrated in the central and eastern areas of Shandong Province,including Jinan,Qingdao,Zibo and other cities.However,the high emissions of NH₃ emission concentration is mainly concentrated in the western region of Shandong Province,such as Heze,Liaocheng,Jining and other cities,which is consistent with the agricultural source.According to the monthly distribution characteristics,the monthly trends of power plant sources and important industrial process sources are basically the same.The highest emission occurs in June and July,and the lowest emission occurs in January and February.The OFPs in Shandong Province in 2017 were estimated to be 7.24 million tons according to VOC emissions and MIR by species.For the VOCs chemical groups,aromatics,alkenes/alkynes,OVOCs,alkanes,halocarbons,and others accounted for 40.7%,33.7%,16.2%,7.8%and 0.2%of the total OFP,respectively.The top ten VOCs species in OPP were m/p-xylene,propylene,ethylene,toluene,formaldehyde,1,3-butadiene,ethylbenzene,o-xylene,1-butene and 1,2,4-trimethylbenzene.These 10 individual species account for 62.6%of the total OFP.For emission sources,industrial process,solvent use and road mobile sources accounted for the highest proportion of total OFP,which were 46.6%,17.5%and 18.2%respectively.At the same time,industrial process,solvent use and road mobile sources contributed more to the top ten species of OFP,indicating that VOCs emission species from these three sources had higher ozone generation potential.Based on the results of factor detection,it is found that population and car ownership have the greatest influence on the spatial distribution of pollutants in Shandong Province.Except for population and car ownership,per capita GDP and total industrial output are the main factors affecting the spatial distribution of PM_2.5,while total industrial output value and electricity consumption of the whole society are the main factors affecting the spatial distribution of NO_X and SO_2.For the interaction detection,it is found that the q value of each pair of detection factors after interaction is greater than the q value of any one of the pair of factors,and less than the sum of the q values of the pair of detection factors.The interaction between total industrial output and per capita GDP has the greatest impact on the spatial distribution of pollutants.This shows that the spatial distribution of pollutants is not only affected by a single factor,but also by the interaction of multiple factors.