Study On Ecological Sensitivity Evaluation And Ecological Function Zoning Of Huaihua Grand Canyon Scenic Area

Since the reform and opening up,with the rapid development of my country’s economy,many scenic spots with natural resources as the mainstay have been developed.Such scenic spots usually have high ecological and tourist value.During the development of eco-tourism scenic spots,ensure that natural resources are not destroyed.It is the key to spatial planning and resource integration of natural resources.In view of this,this research started from the perspective of ecological civilization construction,with the help of ArcGIS,Fragstats,ENVI,ERDAS,Matlab and other related software,carried out ecological sensitivity evaluation and ecological function zoning research on the Huaihua Grand Canyon scenic spot.First,the dynamic change analysis of the landscape pattern in the study area was carried out.Based on the summary of the landscape spatial structure characteristics and ecological problems,ecological sensitivity factors were selected from multiple perspectives such as nature,landscape,and human activities to construct an ecological sensitivity evaluation index system.And use the fuzzy analytic hierarchy process to get the weight of each index.At the same time,based on the spatial analysis technology of GIS,quantitatively evaluate the ecological sensitivity of each single factor,and then use the weighted sum model to conduct a comprehensive evaluation of ecological sensitivity.Combining the results of ecological sensitivity evaluation with spatial perspective analysis,the ecological function zoning was comprehensively carried out.Finally,the Huaihua Grand Canyon scenic area development and ecological protection countermeasures were put forward to promote the sustainable use of ecological resources and the sustainable development of the scenic area.The main research contents and conclusions are as follows:(1)Through the analysis of the dynamic degree of land use and the change of landscape pattern characteristics in the study area,the following spatial characteristics and problems are summarized:the degree of fragmentation of the regional landscape is increased,the aggregation is reduced,and the difference in the proportion of landscape types is increased,and the dominant landscape types are obvious.As a result,the spatial heterogeneity is reduced and the anti-interference is reduced,which is not conducive to maintaining the stability of the ecosystem.The dynamic degree of land use changes greatly,the development and construction of scenic spots are hot,the artificial landscape is scattered and disorderly,and the land is used randomly,which is easy to cause ecological problems are not conducive to the sustainable use of land in scenic spots.(2)From the perspective of ecological protection,ecological sensitivity evaluation was carried out.Based on the spatial analysis technology of GIS,and using the fuzzy analytic hierarchy process and the weighted sum model,the single-factor evaluation results of ecological sensitivity and the comprehensive evaluation results of ecological sensitivity were obtained.The comprehensive evaluation value of its ecological sensitivity is 1.7623-4.5423.According to the natural breakpoint method,the study area was divided into 4 areas:extremely sensitive area,highly sensitive area,moderately sensitive area,lightly sensitive area and insensitive area.The area of each sensitive area accounted for 12.15%,34.08%,31.05%,16.97%and 5.75%,respectively,and analyze the spatial differentiation characteristics of regional ecological sensitivity.The overall ecological sensitivity of the study area is relatively high,with medium to high sensitivity being the main ones.The nature reserve,namely the northeast,has relatively high ecological sensitivity,and the rural area,namely the southwest,is relatively low.The overall ecological environment is relatively fragile,and ecological environment problems such as soil erosion and vegetation degradation are prone to occur under the influence of human activities.(3)From the perspective of scenic spot development,a spatial horizon analysis was carried out.From the perspective of the scenic spot,analyze and evaluate the rationality of the infrastructure construction of the scenic spot according to the visibility and openness of the observation point location;From the perspective of the landscape,the landscape visually sensitive zoning was carried out.The study area was divided into three areas:landscape sensitive area,visual perception area,and visual blind area,and the respective areas account for 22.10%,16.78%,and 61.12%.The overall visual effect of the study area is good,and the central area is an area with a high degree of attention and greater influence on the development of the scenic spot,which provides a reference for natural resource tourism planning.(4)Based on the spatial analysis function of GIS,the ecological sensitivity evaluation results and the spatial horizon analysis results were superimposed.And combining the actual situation of the study area and the current situation of the landscape pattern,the ecological function zoning was carried out.The study area was divided into four areas:ecological conservation area,ecological buffer zone,ecological control area,and development and construction area.The respective areas account for 22.74%,46.50%,12.16%,and 13.60%.Summarize the ecological protection and development and construction requirements of each area,optimize the ecological space structure,and provide a scientific basis for the planning of each district project.