Study On Land Use Change And Ecological Quality Response Of Jinfoshan National Scenic Area

In China,scenic areas have a long history,which have the nature reserves with the most Chinese characteristics and the most significant difference from other countries’ nature reserve system.Compared with the extremely strict protection of prohibiting any human activities in the core area and buffer zone of the nature reserve,scenic areas undertake sightseeing projects,scientific research activities and various resource utilization behaviors.The contradiction between protection and development is noteworthy.This problem is more prominent in scenic area close to cities.In order to achieve various purposes,human beings adopt different ways to use and transform scenic area to a certain extent,which is bound to bring potential risks or some improvements to the balance of sustainable development of scenic area and their surrounding areas.Based on the background,taking Jinfoshan national scenic area in Chongqing as object of paper,this research focuses on the core scenic area,body area(inside the boundary of scenic spots)and surrounding area of the national scenic area.In the part of research summary and research significance,this paper demonstrates the status of scenic area in China’s nature reserve system and the necessity of research it,and fully explains why to study the core scenic area,body area and the area outside the boundary of scenic area.Firstly,taking the land use change of the three areas as a breakthrough,this paper analyzes the land use structure,single land use dynamic degree,comprehensive land use dynamic degree and land use spatial evolution of the three areas from 2002 to 2021.The results show that the construction land and water area have been increasing in all regions during the study period,the area of cultivated land and grassland has decreased,and the area of forest land has increased in the body area and surrounding areas except in the core scenic area.The dynamic degree of land use of construction land is the largest and that of forest land is the smallest.In terms of transformation direction,cultivated land is mainly transformed into construction land and forest land,while the main source of construction land is the transformation of cultivated land,followed by forest land and a small amount of grassland.Based on the land use data of the study area,using the landscape pattern index method,the indexes are selected from the patch type level and landscape type level to describe the patch quantity characteristics,shape characteristics,landscape diversity,fragmentation and connectivity.The results showed that the overall landscape pattern in the study area was relatively stable,the index of diversity and fragmentation has risen a little,and the connectivity index decreased slightly.The analysis of moving window method shows that the diversity and fragmentation index are high in the East,northwest and south of the core scenic area of the study area,and the distribution of low value areas and high value areas of each index is relatively concentrated.Then,using RSEI method,the ecological grade is divided into five grades: excellent,good,medium,poor and extremely poor.Each region and the whole region of the study area are analyzed,focusing on the grade change and change region,and the flow direction of each grade during the 19 years is studied.The results showed that the overall ecological quality of the study area was high and improved during the 19 years,but the area with extremely poor ecological quality increased,and the area with "significant deterioration" was greater than that with "significant improvement".The overall improvement of ecological quality is due to the promotion of "medium" level to "good" level in a large area.The "excellent" level mainly comes from the improvement of "good" level,and there is no transformation from "poor" level to "excellent" level.Based on the previous research,the three contents are related to study the ecological quality differences and grade differences of each land use type from the perspective of land use,and the direction of ecological quality change caused by the transformation of each land use type.The Pearson correlation coefficient is used to study its impact direction.The results show that the ecological quality of construction land is the worst and that of forest land is the best.There is a significant correlation between cultivated land,forest land and construction land and ecological quality,forest land is positively correlated with ecological quality,and cultivated land and construction land are negatively correlated with ecological quality.The conversion of cultivated land to forest land can significantly improve the ecological quality.The conversion of cultivated land,forest land and grassland to construction land leads to the deterioration of ecological quality,and the correlation is significant,the negative correlation of the conversion of cultivated land to construction land is the largest.In addition,select the patch type horizontal landscape pattern index in the previous study,assign the fishnet after the analysis of the moving window method,and make a correlation analysis with the three land types of cultivated land,forest land and construction land that have the most remarkable impact on the ecological quality,so as to study the relationship between the landscape pattern of land types and the ecological quality.The results show that when cultivated land and construction land are distributed in a large area,the connectivity is high and the boundary shape is complex,the ecological quality is worse.When the connectivity of forest land is high and the fragmentation is low,the larger the area,the better the ecological quality.When analyzing the landscape structure types of MSPA in areas with poor ecological quality,it is found that most of the poor areas occur in the background area of non forest land,and only a small amount of them have an impact on the core forest land that plays a major ecological role,the bridge that plays a connecting role.Finally,according to the research results,the land transformation types closely related to ecological quality in the above research are selected for field investigation,UAV aerial photography and interviews with stakeholders,to obtain the reasons for the change of ecological quality caused by land use and development in the study area.The survey results show that the improvement of ecological environment quality benefits from the implementation of ecological policies of government departments,perfect management system,effective cooperation of management departments,good community relations and strict management of nature reserves in overlapping areas(it has found that the ecological quality of overlapping areas of scenic area and protected area has improved significantly).The reasons for the decline of ecological quality are mainly due to the large-scale increase of construction land by various stakeholders due to their own actions,as well as the existence of many exposed surfaces and areas without vegetation coverage in the study area.At the end of the article,corresponding countermeasures are put forward,such as Ⅰ.Further optimizing the land layout.Ⅱ.Pay more attention to areas with poor ecological quality and form collaborative control with surrounding areas.Ⅲ.Protect the "ecological corridor" that plays an important role in the area.Ⅳ.Strictly control the construction of residential areas.Ⅴ.Strengthen administrative law enforcement.