American Environmental Organization "the Audubon Society" Study(1880s-1980s)

The National Audubon Society,founded in 1905,is one of the world’s oldest non-profit environmental NGOs.His major contributions focus on bird and wildlife conservation,nature reserve construction and participation in the formulation of environmental policy in the United States.This article starts with the founding of the non-governmental Audubon organization by George Bird Grinnell in 1886,and ends with the formal resignation of Russ Peterson as president of the Audubon Society in1985.The development process,organizational characteristics and historical contributions of the Audubon Society during the period of 1880s--1980 s were studied.This paper is composed of three parts: introduction,text and conclusion.The introduction states the reason of choosing the Audubon Society as the research object,the overview of the research status of the Audubon Society at home and abroad,as well as the theoretical and practical significance of studying the Audubon Society.The text is divided into four parts.The first part takes the establishment of the National Audubon Society in the1940 s as the node to investigate the establishment process and early activities of the National Audubon Society in 1880s--1940 s.In the aspect of the establishment of the association,it focuses on the formation process of Audubon’s thought and the foundation of the establishment of the Audubon Association.In the aspect of the early activities of the association,the achievements of the audubon society in resisting feather trade,building nature reserves and developing bird-loving education are emphatic discussed.The second part takes the overall reform of the Audubon Society in the 1960 s as the node to examine the development and reform of the National Audubon Society in the 1940 s and 1960 s.During this period,the Audubon Society completed its transformation into an environmental organization,actively engaged in bird protection work,and the overall development of the Society continued to strengthen.The third part examines the development and transformation of the Audubon Society in the 1960 s to the 1980 s,focusing on the change of the internal management mode of the Audubon Society and the enhancement of the influence of the Audubon Society in various fields at home and abroad.The fourth part,on the basis of summarizing the core content and viewpoints of the full text,analyzes the contribution of Audubon Society to the environmental protection cause of the United States from three aspects: promoting the cause of bird protection in the United States,promoting the adjustment of environmental protection policies in the United States,and influencing the construction of environmental organizations in the United States.In the study of the Audubon Society,the author tries to highlight the stage characteristics and organization mode of the association,reveal the successful methods of the association,and sum up the enlightenment that the association gives to the later generations.In order to contribute to the research work of domestic environmental protection organizations.