Study On Trans-Provincial Watershed Ecological Compensation

The river basin is both the cradle of civilization and the fragile ecosystem.In the past,the advancement of traditional industrialization and urbanization has brought severe challenges to water safety and water carrying capacity of the basin.As an important innovation of the fiscal system,the ecological compensation transfer payment system in the river basin has shown initial results since the 18 th National Congress of the Communist Party of China.But the ecological compensation relating to cross-provincial river basins still needs to be improved.This article studies it.Firstly,the author analyzes the theoretical basis of ecological compensation across provinces from the perspectives of sustainable development theory,public goods theory,environmental externality theory,environmental property rights theory,ecological service function theory,and ecological environment value theory.This article also examines the theoretical basis of game theory.Secondly,based on the review of domestic and foreign literature,the concepts of basin ecological compensation and inter-provincial basin ecological compensation are defined.After that,this paper reviews the development process of inter-provincial ecological compensation transfer payment,and uses a combination of qualitative analysis and quantitative analysis(factor analysis)to evaluate the effect of the inter-provincial ecological compensation transfer payment system.Aiming at the problems such as low enthusiasm for downstream compensation and low compensation standards exposed,this research analyzes the interests of all parties and establishes an evolutionary game model on this basis.The results of the model show that in order to maximize their own interests,the upstream and downstream governments of the river basin cannot autonomously achieve upstream protection,and downstream compensation.However,after the introduction of incentive and restraint mechanisms,the upstream and downstream governments can establish an effective watershed ecological compensation transfer payment mechanism,and the study also discusses the influencing factors of the steady-state strategy.The inter-provincial basin ecological compensation standard is an important factor that affects the steady-state strategy and directly affects the long-term mechanism of inter-provincial basin ecological compensation transfer payment.Based on the current national conditions and the changes in central tasks and resource scarcity in different stages of inter-provincial watershed ecological compensation,the study proposes the idea of calculating compensation standards in stages.In the repairing stage,the cost accounting method should be the main method,and in the stabilizing stage,the method which focus on water quality and quantity should be the main method.After that,this paper takes Xin’anjiang as an example for calculation.Finally,it introduces the experience and enlightenment of ecological compensation in transboundary basins abroad.And further proposed to improve the performance evaluation system,dilute the process of local stakeholders involved in the allocation of watershed resources;scientific planning,fully consider the upstream and downstream interests and their coupling points,expand cooperation space;clarify the central responsibility,adhere to the "incentive to promote compatibility";Establish and improve the river basin ecological compensation mechanism in stages;integrate existing financial funds and broaden financing channels;according to the maturity of relevant basic systems,the market will be steadily promoted.