Phytolith Analysis Of Several Typical Traditional Bamboo Papers

Papermaking,as one of the four great inventions in China,has a long history.According to the research,the first plant material used for papermaking is hemp.With the development of papermaking technology and the improvement of technical level,the raw materials for papermaking are gradually expanded,and plant skins and bamboo are used for papermaking.Bamboo,textured bark,hemp,rattan bark,mulberry bark,Green Sandalwood bark,rice straw and Daphne odorifera bark have always been common raw materials for papermaking in ancient China.Since the use of bamboo paper in Tang Dynasty,bamboo paper has been loved by people for its easy availability of raw materials,high output,low price,fine and smooth paper,and good ink receptivity.Since the Song Dynasty,along with the development of engraving printing industry,more and more books were printed on bamboo paper.By the Ming and Qing Dynasties,it almost dominated the medium and low-grade printing paper market.In 2006,bamboo paper making technology was approved by the State Council and listed in the first batch of national intangible cultural heritage list.Bamboo paper production has a long history,great cultural significance,widely used in life.This paper mainly studies bamboo paper for printing,calligraphy and painting.The purpose of this study is to sort out the development of bamboo paper,analyze the types of paper fibers from the perspective of fiber dyeing identification analysis,predict paper properties according to the test results of fiber quality analyzer,and compare the morphological differences of phytoliths from different producing areas and different papermaking raw materials according to the morphology of phytoliths.The conclusions are as follows.Firstly,the fibers of six patterns were dyed by Hertzberg dyeing method.Among them,one kind of paper sample has obvious traces of sizing.After degumming treatment,the paper sample fiber is judged to be bamboo fiber after dyeing with herscher’s dye.Each kind of paper sample was observed to be rectangular epidermal cells and reticular wall cells with reticular traces.After staining,the color was darker than that of fiber,and also turned into blue purple.A special vessel of bamboo fiber was observed in one pattern,which was blue purple after dyeing.In one sample,the fiber of sandalwood skin with sparse cross-section pattern was observed.It was judged that the sample was a mixture of bamboo fiber and sandalwood skin fiber.In one sample,red textured fiber was observed,which was a mixture of bamboo fiber and textured fiber.Secondly,the fiber parameters of six patterns are analyzed by fiber analyzer.The main fiber parameters are fiber length,width,coarseness,Crimp index and kink angle.Among them,the average fiber length of most of the four patterns is in the range of 200～2241 μ M.The average fiber length of most of the two patterns was in the range of 200～3352 μ M.The fiber width of the six patterns are in the range of 5～33 μ m,the curl index of most of the fibers is in the range of 0～50%,and the kink angle of most of the fibers is above 55 ° with little difference.Thirdly,the dry ashing method was used to extract phytoliths from bamboo paper.Dumbbell shaped,pointed shaped,block shaped and smooth rod shaped silicon implants were observed in all 6 samples.The long saddle shaped silicon implants were observed in two samples.Stick like phytoliths were observed in three samples.Multiple bolls were observed in 2 samples.Fan shaped phytoliths were observed in 2 samples.The possible types of phytoliths in bamboo paper are dumbbell type,long saddle type,pointed type,block type,smooth rod type,stick type,multi bell type and fan type.The results of Phytolith analysis were consistent with those of fiber dyeing experiment.