| The under-forest economy relies on forest land resources,makes full use of the natural conditions under the forest,opens up channels for farmers and herdsmen to increase their income,consolidates the achievements of forestry construction,and realizes the greatest comprehensive benefits of forestry.The under-forest economic industry in Guizhou Province has developed well in recent years,and under-forest chicken farming is an important under-forest economic content.Among them,Qiandongnan Prefecture,Guizhou Province mainly promotes under-forest chicken farming of Camellia oleifera.The impact of understory soil microbial community characteristics is unclear.This paper selects 6-year-old,8-year-old,11-year-old and 35-year-old camellia oleifera chicken breeding plots in Tianzhu County,Guizhou Province,and analyzes 10m,20 m,30 m,40 m,50 m away from the chicken coop and chicken camellia without raising chicken.Physiological activity of Camellia oleifera leaves in forest(control,CK),understory vegetation status,soil nutrient characteristics,and camellia oil quality,the Illumina Hiseq high-throughput sequencing technology was used to analyze the soil microbial community characteristics of Camellia oleifera under forest.The main findings are as follows:(1)6-year-old Camellia oleifera leaves had the lowest proline content at 20m from the chicken coop;Highest.The soluble protein content of 6-year-old,8-year-old and 11-year-old Camellia oleifera was higher in the high interference area of 0-20 m;the soluble protein content of Camellia oleifera leaves in the interference area of 35-year-old Camellia oleifera was lower than that of CK.The 6-year-old Camellia oleifera leaves had lower MDA content at 20 m from the chicken house,but for 8-year-old,11-year-old and 35-year-old Camellia oleifera,the MDA content of Camellia oleifera leaves at a distance of 20 m from the chicken house was significantly higher than that of the unraised Camellia oleifera Forest.(2)The effects of under-forest chicken raising on Camellia oleifera plant height and crown width were different at different stand ages.It promoted the elongation of 8-year-old and 11-year-old Camellia oleifera plant height and crown width,but inhibited 6-year-old and 35-year-old Camellia oleifera plants.Height and crown width.Raising chickens in the forest had no significant effect on the field diameter of Camellia oleifera,but reduced the seed set and yield.(3)The Margalef species richness index,Simpson ecological dominance index,Shannon-Weiner diversity index and Pielou evenness index of understory vegetation community increased with the decrease of disturbance intensity.(4)Under the interference of chicken raising,soil pH increased and soil bulk density decreased.Raising chickens in the forest significantly increased the contents of total soil nutrients and available nutrients.The 0?20 cm soil layer was significantly larger than the 20?40 cm soil layer.The contents of TN,TP,TK,NH4+-N,AP,AK and SOM varied with the distance from chickens.The increase of rounding distance showed a fluctuating downward trend(P<0.05).(5)The acid phosphatase content of 6-year-old Camellia oleifera increased first and then decreased with the increase of the distance from the chicken house,and the content was the lowest at 50 m away from the chicken house;the soil acid phosphatase content of 8-year-old Camellia oleifera increased gradually with the distance from the chicken house.The soil acid phosphatase content of11-year-old Camellia oleifera was significantly higher than that of CK,and gradually decreased with the increase of the distance from the chicken house,and the highest content was at 20 m;35-year-old Camellia oleifera forest soil acid phosphate The enzyme activity increased with the distance from the chicken house and showed a downward trend,and the activity was the highest at50 m.Under-story chicken raising can significantly increase soil urease activity.The urease content of 6-year-old,11-year-old and 35-year-old Camellia oleifera forest chickens at 10 m and 20 m of soil was significantly higher than that of CK;The urease activity of 10 m,20 m and 30 m was lower than that of CK,but the urease activity of shallow soil was higher than that of deep soil.Breeding chickens under the Camellia oleifera forest promoted the increase of soil invertase activity in 6-,11-,and 35-year-olds,but was inhibited in 8-year-olds.The catalase in the understory soil of chicken raised firstly increased and then decreased with the distance from the chicken house.(6)A total of 29 phyla,70 classes,172 orders,303 families,555 genera,and 608 species were obtained by clustering the OTUs of soil bacteria in the Camellia oleifera forest.In the 6-year-old Camellia oleifera soil,Gammaproteobacteria had the highest content in the distance from the chicken house,with a relative abundance of 32.9%.The dominant flora in the control soil was Acidobacteriia,with a relative abundance of 32.5%.8-year-old,11-year-old and 35-year-old camellia oleifera forest soil dominant bacteria were Acidobacteriia,with the maximum relative abundances of 32.8%,54.4%and41.9%,respectively;these flora have high ACE in high interference areas Index,Chao1 index,Simpson index,Shannon index,PD?whole?tree index and Coverage index,the bacterial community diversity was high.There are complex correlations among soil nutrients,soil enzymes and key microbial communities.Understory products and chicken flock activities promote the construction of beneficial flora of Camellia oleifera understory soil microorganisms. |
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