| Typhlocybinae belong to Cicadellidae,Auchenorrhyncha,Hemiptera,and mainly live on grasslands and trees.As a member of ecosystem,what is the relationship between the occurrence regularity,body surface morphological structure and habitats of insects of Typhlocybinae? This study Three areas with different levels of rocky desertification as the study area were selected,including:Zhenfeng-Huajiang Demonstration Area,Bijie Salaxi Demonstration Area,and Shibing Yuntai Mountain Nature Reserve.The dynamic changes of Typhlocybinae insect community and the morphological structure of the body surface in different habitats were explored.Combined with a series of environmental data such as temperature,humidity,precipitation days,leaf width,leaf length,and water content of host plants,the effects of environmental factors on the dynamic changes and the body surface ultrastructure of Typhlocybinae insect communities were analyzed.The main results are as follows:1.The monthly average temperature in three study areas is as follows: July>September>May,the temperature in Bijie is significantly lower,and the annual average temperature in the other two areas is relatively close.The humidity in the three study areas is quite different,and the variation in different months is also different.Bijie and Shibing had more precipitation days in September and May,but less in July.Huajiang had significantly fewer precipitation days in May,and the other two months were relatively more.The variation trends of leaf width and leaf length of the host plants in the three study areas were as follows:July>September>May,which is positively correlated with temperature change in study area.The water content of host plants in three study areas are as follows: May>September>July,which is negatively correlated with temperature change in the study areas.The host plants in Huajiang have larger leaf length and smaller leaf width,while leaf width and leaf length of host plants in the other two study areas are relatively close.2.A total of 4078 Typhlocybinae specimens were collected,belonging to 121 species in 40 genera and 6 tribes.For the study area,the number of individuals is as follows: Shibing>Bijie>Huajiang,and the order of the number of different levels of the taxa is: Bijie(6 tribes,32 genera,68 species)> Huajiang(6 tribes,22 genera,58 species)> Shibing(5 tribes,21 genera,48 species).From the time point of view,the number distribution is as follows: the end of July > the end of May > the end of September,and the order of the number of different levels of the taxa is:the end of May(6 families,29 genera,61 species)> the end of September(6 tribes,21 genera,64 species)> the end of July(4 tribes,21 genera,64species).3.Community diversity analysis of specimens collected in three study areas showed that the Shannon-Wiener diversity index(H?)and the Margalef richness index(R)in three study areas were as follows:Bijie>Huajiang>Shibing,Pielou evenness index(J?): Huajiang >Bijie > Shibing,Simpson dominance index(C): Shibing > Bijie >Huajiang.Community diversity analysis of samples collected in different months indicated that Shannon-Wiener diversity index(H?)was as follows: the end of July > the end of September > the end of May,and the Margalef richness index(R): the end of May > the end of September > At the end of July,Pielou evenness index(J?): the end of July > the end of May > the end of September,and Simpson dominance index(C)was as follows: the end of September > the end of May > the end of July.At the end of July,the number of Typhlocybinae communities was the largest,but species richness was low,time distribution of species was relatively uniform,and dominant species were lacking.The related community diversity data at the end of May and the end of September were relatively close.The samples collected from different host plants were analyzed to clarify community diversity.Shannon-Wiener diversity index(H?):Prunus salicina > Debregeasia orientalis > Amygdalus persica >Juglans > Rhus chinensis Mill,Margalef richness index(R): Prunus salicina > Amygdalus persica > Juglans > Rhus chinensis Mill >Debregeasia orientalis,Pielou evenness index(J?): Debregeasia orientalis > Prunus salicina > Amygdalus persica > Juglans > Rhus chinensis Mill,Simpson dominance index(C): Rhus chinensis Mill >Juglans > Amygdalus persica > Prunus salicina > Debregeasia orientalis.Evenness index and dominance index were negatively correlated,the more prominent the dominant population,the lower the species evenness.4.Comparing the similarity of Typhlocybinae insect communities in three study areas,the species similarity between Shibing and Bijie is the highest,and the similarity index reached 0.641.The similarity between Huajiang and Shibing is the lowest,and the index was 0.5.Pairwise comparisons were performed on the similarity of Typhlocybinae insect communities at different collection times.In Huajiang,Typhlocybinae insect communities in May and July clustered into one group at a distance of 1,and the similarity coefficient reached 0.632.In Bijie,Typhlocybinae insect communities in September and July were clustered into one group at a distance of 7,and the similarity coefficient was 0.630.In Shibing,Typhlocybinae insect communities in September and May also clustered into one category at a distance of 7,and the similarity coefficient was 0.545.Typhlocybinae insect community similarity on different host plants were compared.Typhlocybinae insect community on Amygdalus persica and Prunus salicina trees was the largest,followed by Juglans and Rhus chinensis Mill.However,Typhlocybinae insect community on the only shrub(Debregeasia orientalis)was quite different from that on other host plants.5.In different study areas and different months,the factors affecting the species diversity of insect communities were different.The influence of environmental factors in different months on the diversity of the Typhlocybinae insect community was as follows: Huajiang > Bijie >Shibing,which was consistent with the grading of rocky desertification.The strength of relationship between environmental factors and Typhlocybinae insect community diversity in different months was as follows: the end of May > the end of July > the end of September.As habitat and food source of Typhlocybinae insect,host plant has crucially impact on community diversity of Typhlocybinae insect.On the same host plants,precipitation days and temperature were main factors affecting species diversity of leafhoppers.6.The antennae,mouthparts and forewings of Typhlocybinae insect were observed and found that there were two sensilla chaetica,several sensilla trichodea,and at least one sensillum basiconicum on the antennae of Typhlocybinae.The labrum has no sensilla,and there are differences in the surface morphology of different species.The labium has two types: short,thick or long and thin.There are many sensilla trichodea on the surface,which are distributed symmetrically along the median longitidunal groove.Most species also have a pair of sensillum basiconicum in the third labium segment.There are some BSN sensilla distributions at the tip of labium and little difference in the structure of the stylet fascicle.Only hollow football-shaped brochosomes were found on the forewing surface of all samples,and no other forms of brochosomes were found.The number of brochosomes on forewings of samples in Huajiang and Bijie study areas was relatively large.This is consistent with the function of the brochosomes.7.From the spatial point of view,the correlation between the number of body surface sensilla of Typhlocybinae insect and environmental factors in three study areas was as follows: Huajiang >Bijie > Shibing.In Huajiang and Bijie study areas,the relationship between the number of body surface sensilla of Typhlocybinae insect and environmental factors is relatively large,while that in the Shibing study area is relatively small,which is consistent with the degree of rocky desertification.From the time point of view,the correlation between the number of body surface sensilla of Typhlocybinae insect and environmental factors in the three months was as follows: the end of September > the end of May > the end of July.The environmental characteristics of July were the most suitable for the growth of leafhoppers,so the number of Typhlocybinae insect in this month was least affected by environmental factors. |
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