Total Factor Productivity Of Urban Water Resources Systems In China ——An Analysis Of Scenarios Based On Multiple Governance Models

Water resources are the source of life for the prosperity and survival of cities.The excessive consumption and improper utilization of water resources will seriously restrict the growth and development of cities.Therefore,based on the network RAM model and Biennia Luenberger productivity index,this paper constructs an urban water resources system consisting of three subsystems: "supplying water-using water-purifying water",and calculates the TFP index of water resources system in 95 key environmental protection cities in China from 2004 to 2016 under the independent,comprehensive and cooperative governance modes.Firstly,we analyzed the driving factors and spatiotemporal differences of TFP growth in water resources system at the full sample level.Secondly,comparing each city in three kinds of governance mode of water resources system,the number of the TFP index in what kind of governance mode is the largest,is the city water resources system operation is more suitable for this model,thus all the city was divided into independent model,the comprehensive and cooperative city,and then discussed the coupling effect in three kinds of control type city to completely open the "black box" of city water resources system TFP growth.Finally,the factors affecting TFP of urban water resources system are analyzed by regression.In this paper,the study found that: from the sample level,urban water resources in China from 2004 to 2016 the TFP growth rate is low,and according to the comprehensive model(0.488%),collaborative mode(0.463%),independent model(0.292%)in the order,but its growth comes from technological progress,and mainly comes from the contribution of water subsystem,and the technical efficiency are worse.In terms of spatial dimension,under the three governance modes,the northern coastal area,the eastern coastal area,the southern coastal area and the northeast area are always higher than the average level of the whole sample,and the ranking order is slightly changed,but they are always in the top four.However,three coastal areas and Northwest China pulled down the average level of the whole sample,and the ranking order remained unchanged,but only Northwest China showed negative growth.In terms of time dimension,the productivity evolution trend of urban water resources system under the three governance modes is similar,and the overall growth rate is relatively gentle,but the underlying reason is that the decomposition item of water purification subsystem fluctuated greatly in 2011 and 2012,respectively.Through the recognition of governance patterns,it is found that most cities are suitable for the comprehensive governance model,and the productivity of water resources system has been significantly improved.In terms of coupling effect,the coupling effect of water-use subsystem in Guangzhou,Shanghai,Shenzhen,Dalian,Suzhou and Quanzhou is relatively high in comprehensive cities,which contributes to the increase of productivity of water resources system.However,in cooperative cities,only Anshan's water resources system has reached the theoretical supply-demand balance.Furthermore,the regression analysis of the related factors affecting the productivity of urban water resources system found that the improvement of economic development level and government management level significantly promoted the productivity of urban water resources system in China,while urbanization showed a significant inhibiting effect.