| Technological innovation has always played an important role in the development and progress of human society,and its impact on employment has attracted extensive attention.Since the outbreak of New Coronavirus pneumonia in late 2019,China's registered unemployment rate which has declined in 5 consecutive years has risen sharply to 4.2% in 2020.However,China's technological innovation ability is in the trend of increasing.Scientific and technological innovation input and output and technology market turnover are in a rapid growth trend,which shows that the input-output return of scientific and technological innovation in China is considerable to a certain extent.As the leading industry of China's economic development and the main force of scientific and technological innovation,high-tech industry plays a very important role in the field of innovation.Therefore,taking high-tech industry as an example,this paper studies the impact of China's technological innovation on employment scale,which is of great significance to improve the employment effect theory of innovation and guide innovation to drive employment growth.Firstly,this paper combs and summarizes the innovation driven employment theory and the literature related to technological innovation and employment.The literature perspectives on the analysis of employment status are diverse,including the employment of the whole society,such as employment structure,the employment of an industry,such as cultural industry,and the employment status of a group,such as fresh college graduates.The literature on the analysis of the influencing factors of employment involves many angles,including exchange rate,capital inflow,import and export,labor market,production mode,technological progress and so on.They have different effects on employment in different research periods,objects and methods.On the related research of innovation and technological innovation affecting employment,the creative effect and destructive effect of innovation on employment have been reflected in varying degrees in the research of scholars at home and abroad.Secondly,this paper constructs the impact mechanism of technological innovation on employment scale,and puts forward the research hypothesis from the theory.The influence mechanism includes positive influence and negative influence.On the one hand,technological innovation can promote the demand for technical talents in all walks of life,give birth to emerging industries,stimulate traditional enterprises to carry out innovation and promote enterprises to expand production scale,so as to have a positive effect on the scale of employment.On the other hand,technological innovation will also destroy some low-tech labor posts,squeeze the living space of the traditional business model,improve labor productivity and the organic composition of capital,which will have a negative impact on the scale of employment.Among them,the improvement of labor productivity is an important reason for the disappearance of low skilled labor posts.The growth of enterprises' demand for high-tech talents is accompanied by the abandonment of low-tech labor force.The rise of new industries in the market is also accompanied by the decline and demise of the traditional business model.On the premise of the overall influence mechanism,the nonlinear effect is analyzed theoretically,and the corresponding research assumptions are put forward.Thirdly,this paper first describes and statistically analyzes the current situation of technological innovation and employment in the whole society and high-tech industries,and uses the statistical chart to intuitively show the development and change trend of employment and technological innovation.As for the current employment situation,this paper analyzes the employment scale and population structure,labor quality,average wage level,employees and R&D personnel in high-tech industries.With regard to technological innovation,this paper analyzes the input and output indicators of technological innovation of the whole society and high-tech industries.Then,starting from the availability of data,the variables are selected and measured,and the stationarity test is carried out.Finally,the panel regression model is constructed to analyze the overall impact of technological innovation in high-tech industry on employment scale,and the panel threshold regression model is constructed to analyze the nonlinear impact of technological innovation in high-tech industry on employment scale.The panel vector autoregressive model is constructed to analyze the dynamic impact of technological innovation in high-tech industry on employment scale,and the research hypotheses proposed above are empirically tested and analyzed.Lastly,according to the above analysis,this paper draws the following conclusions.Implementing the innovation driven development strategy and giving full play to the employment driving role of technological innovation can effectively alleviate the impact on China's employment.Technological innovation plays a significant and long-term role in promoting the high-tech industries' employment scale.With the improvement of technological innovation,its role in promoting the employment scale of high-tech industries rises after decreasing,and when the level of technological innovation is low,its role in promoting the employment scale is the largest.Affected by different development stages of different factors,the impact of technological innovation on employment scale is heterogeneous.Specifically,when the investment of R&D labor force is low,the investment of R&D funds is high,or the enterprise scale is large,technological innovation has a great promoting effect on the employment scale of high-tech industry.According to the research conclusions,in order to give full play to the positive role of technological innovation on the scale of employment,policy suggestions are put forward as followed.The government should introduce incentive policies to promote enterprises to carry out technological innovation activities,give full play to the effect of technological innovation driving employment growth,and achieve the goal of "stabilizing employment".Industry leading enterprises should give full play to their capital advantages and anti risk advantages,achieve key core technology research,create new market demand and lead the development of other enterprises in the industry.Thirdly,small and medium-sized enterprises should grasp policy support,closely follow the market direction,carry out market demand-oriented technological innovation,expand production and promote employment. |
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