Ontology Of Natural Science

The ontology of the orthodox philosophy of science is the natural ontology.This kind of ontology reifies the cognitive activity of natural science and makes it the object of scientific research.This approach tries to understand the natural science by way of natural science,lapsing into circularity,failing to understand the preconditions which make science possible in the first place.Therefore,understanding must go out of natural science and understand the natural science in a rigorous and self-evident philosophic way.Phenomenological ontology of natural science belongs to this kind of understanding.Close investigations of the concept of ontology and phenomenology show that ontology is phenomenology as long as ontology designates the original occurrence and historicity.Thus,the ontology of natural science unfolds itself as the phenomenology of natural science,which traces the meaning of natural science back to the self-appearing things themselves and clarifies the original history of scientific attitude,belief,method and facts.Due to the variety of phenomenology,phenomenology of natural science occurs in various ways of phenomenological thinking.Husserl's phenomenology of natural science has the paradigmatic role among these.Husserl's phenomenology of consciousness places the phenomenological things themselves in the phenomena of consciousness,which is the intentional flow of consciousness.According to the understanding of the phenomenology of consciousness,the objective reality of the experienced things,the finite induction and finite causality of the act of experiencing and the agreement among different level of conscious phenomena happen as the natural cognition in the phenomena of consciousness,constituting the original conditions for the possibility of natural science.The horizon and natural cognition of the conscious phenomena construct the life-world,which is experienced in the natural attitude.This life-world is the origin of all kinds of theoretical primal establishment.According to Husserl,the theoretical attitude was originated in the life-world of ancient Greeks as one of the infinite possibilities,opening up the horizon of science.Galileo,whose intellectual activities were carried out in the horizon of science,mathematized nature and gave modern natural science its meaning.However,these primal establishments which gave birth to modern science finally forgot their origin,covering up the life-world in which the natural science had originated,leading to the crisis of science.For Husserl,resolving the crisis means arriving with the rigour and thoroughness of phenomenology at the primordial openness of conscious phenomena from which the natural science had originated,and understanding the crisis itself on this basis.Due to the lack of recognition of material praxis,that is the first fact for Marxism,the phenomenological understanding of natural science did not achieve thoroughness and rigor.However,on the basis of enriching and advancing the Marxist view of science,the phenomenological ontology of natural science strives to make some contributions to the renewal of paradigms of the philosophy and history of science,attempts to dissolve and overcome scientisim,bridges “The Two Cultures” gap and indicates the philosophic origin of cultural confidence in the context of contemporary China.