| Global warming is the general trend of climate change.Predictably,the world in 2050 will be 2.3? to 3.3? warmer than that in 2000.As climate change also affect land use patterns and agriculture production structure,studying the way of reasonably adapting the land use pattern to climate change is an important content of achieving sustainable development.Zhangjiakou City is located in the transitional areas between the North China Plain and the Mongolian Plateau,between the temperate zone to the cold temperate zone,as well as between the humid climate to the arid and semi-arid climate,presenting diverse climate types and land-use patterns.Guyuan County,Zhangjiakou City,bordering the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Area,is a typical farming-pastoral interlacing area with low temperature and lack of rainfall.Hence,exploring the model responding to climate change of land use pattern in Zhangjiakou City and Guyuan County is a critical demand for achieving inter-coordination of climate resources and land use in the area,which is of great significance to China's agriculture coping with global warming.In this paper,the response relationship of land use on climate temporal-spatial changes was analyzed based on the meteorological data of Zhangjiakou City from 1995 to 2015 and of Guyuan County from 2000 to 2017,the land use data of Zhangjiakou City from 2000 to 2017 and of Guyuan County from 2004 to2017,for instructing the development of land use patterns in varied areas of Zhangjiakou City.Key findings of the survey are concluded as follows.1.The annual average temperature,and the average annual precipitation of Zhangjiakou City from 1995 to 2015 are between 5.90°C and 7.80°C,as well as between 285.40 mm and 538.60 mm,respectively,presenting an upward trend as a whole.And the annual average temperature,and the average annual precipitation in Guyuan County from 2005 to 2017 are between 1.80? and 4.20?,as well as between 239.50 mm and577.10 mm,respectively,showing an downward trend as a whole.Besides,Zhangjiakou City can be divided into five ecological areas including high temperature(above 3000?),medium temperature(between 2800? and3000?),low temperature(between 2400? and 2800?),temperature limitation(between 1800? and 2400?),and temperature inhibition(less than 1800?)in accordance with effective accumulative temperature and precipitation.Furthermore,each ecological area is composed of area rich in water and area in lack of water on the grounds of water resources.In addition,Guyuan County is a part of the temperature limited area,specifically,the temperature limited(effective accumulated temperature is about 1800?)area in lack of water area(precipitation is about 370mm).2.Taken as a whole,Zhangjiakou City's economic developments in the high temperature area and in the area rich in water are superior to that in the low temperature area and the area in lack of water.Also,the production value of animal husbandry in the low temperature area in lack of water is lower than that in the high temperature area rich in water,whereas the production value of planting industry in the low temperature area in lack of water is higher than that in the high temperature area rich in water.The production value of the primary industry is dominated in Guyuan Count,witnessing a quick rate of agriculture,while its development of animal husbandry becomes saturated and starts to descend.Yet the tertiary industry is in vigorous growth.3.The planting industry,especially the area of vegetable and potato characteristic crops,in the low temperature area of Zhangjiakou City has been developed rapidly.With climate warming,land use areas of Chinese cabbage,celery rapeseed have been declined in Zhangjiakou City,whereas land use area of cabbage have been on the rise.The output of celery has been on the rise.By comparison,land use areas and gross outputs of potatoes,oil plants,and vegetables in Guyuan County have maintained an upward trend.In particular,the potato planting area has witnessed a significant increase.With climate warming,land use of naked oats,legume have been reduced,the sown area of Chinese cabbage,zucchini have been increased,the output of legume have been decreased.Evidently,land use areas of different varieties of out-of-season vegetables fluctuates remarkably with the market and prices.4.Zhangjiakou City should keep the area sow to grains stable,vigorously develop the potato industry,and devote great energy to develop the herbivorous stock raising along with climate changing,so as to optimize the industrial structure,and enhance the comprehensive benefits of products.And Guyuan County should firstly increase the planting area for vegetables,introduce new varieties,develop commercial crops with characteristics,increase supply of green products,and boost agriculture product added value.Moreover,upholding the principle of fodder-livestock combination,it should promote animal husbandry with grass as fodder.At the same time,it should also develop characteristic tourism industry with powerful advertising,so as to create a fair and orderly tourism environment. |
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