Land Use/cover And Landscape Pattern Changes Detection Analysis Using RS And GIS In Kabul City,Afghanistan

Land use/cover change analysis has become a prominent topic at the present universal environmental change research.It becomes more and more critical to the worldwide ecosystem,human health,and human wealth.Monitoring land use/cover change is significant for sustainable land resources and harmonizing ecological and economic purposes and the environment.The rapid development of urbanization and industrial and financial speed has had a significant role in land use/cover change in Afghanistan.This phenomenon is more evident in Kabul city.The satellite data is an essential source of remote sensing data for land use/cover at the global and regional scales due to its continuous archival data supply.Use of remote sensing(RS)and GIS technology,the author obtained information about land use/cover change in the research area.Using GIS and RS technology,the researcher selected four satellite images of Kabul city(1992-2020).After geometric and radiometric correction and the Maximum Likelihood supervised classification method,the author has interpreted the situation land use/cover of Kabul city.Besides the land use/cover change detection analysis,the landscape pattern metrics are calculated too.The main points of this research are as follows:(1)The author interpreted four satellite images in the years of 1992Landsat5 TM,2002 Landsat 5 TM,2013Landsat8 OLI,and 2020 Landsat8 OLI,which extracted the necessary information.This information shows four land-use types in this study area:built-up area,waterbody,bare lands,and agriculture.The prediction result of land use in this period(1992-2020)shows that the built-up area continues to increase dramatically,covering an overall size of 317.72 square kilometers.The bare land area continues to decline because a large amount is occupied by built-up land,which is reduced from 801.08km~2 to 602.26 km~2.The reduced size accounts for waterbody is about six km~2during this period,and the area of agriculture shows a decrease of 27 km~2,which is 3%.(2)The overall classification accuracy and kappa coefficient of Maximum Likelihood is 99%and 0.90,respectively,obviously better than other classifiers.According to each land use/cover's accuracy,it was built-up to have had the highest classification accuracy,followed by water body,bare lands,and agriculture.(3)With the guide of Landscape ecology theory,the author takes dynamic of land use,fragmentation of land use,and the following indices:percentage landscape(PLAND),patch density(PD),edge density(ED),landscape shape index(LSI),CONTAG,extensive patch index(LPI),aggregation index(AI),patch cohesion index(COHESION),Shannon's diversity index(SHID)and Simson's diversity index(SIDI)as the indexes to analyze the land use/cover and landscape pattern changes of Kabul city for a specific period.(4)The author uses analysis,regression analysis,and qualitative analysis typically to analyze the influences from factors such as population,industrialization,and urbanization to land use and land cover changes.Finally,it finds out natural driving factors and socio-economic driving aspects of land use/cover changes in Kabul.