Study On The Bird Community Characteristics And Its Correlation With Environmental Factors In Maidika Wetland National Nature Reserve,Tibet

[Method]In July(warm season)?November(cold season)in2019 and 2020,the bird community characteristics and their correlation with environmental factors in Madika Wetland National Nature Reserve in Tibet were studied by systematic sampling method.In this study,a total of 12 sample sites were set in the core functional area of Madika Wetland National Nature Reserve in Tibet.Each sample site were repeated for three times,divided into warm and cold seasons,and a total of 144 samples were taken in two years.[Objective]To explore the species and community characteristics of wetland birds in Madika and their correlation with environmental factors,to provide basic theoretical basis for the protection of wetland bird resources in Madika.[Result]1.A total of 13,069 birds belonging to 12 orders,20 families and 33genera were recorded in 45 species in the Madika wetland.Four dominant species were Anser indicus,Tadorna ferruginea,Chroicocephalus ridibundus and Pyrgilauda ruficollis.There are three species of birds under national?protection,including the black-necked crane(Grus nigricollis),grassland eagle(Aquila nipalensis)and vulture(Gypaetus barbatus).8 kinds of national?class protected birds;6 endemic birds;11species of birds listed in the national list of key protected animals;Nine species of CITES listed birds.There are 20 species of resident birds,4 species of summer migratory birds,12 species of winter migratory birds,6 species of traveler birds and 3species of fan birds.Among the birds in the Madika Wetland Reserve,43 species are widespread,2 species are Palaearctic,and there are no Oriental species.Passeriformes dominated the number of families and species,and Anseriformes had the largest number of individual birds.The annual average Shannon-Wiener index(H),Simpson index(C)and Pielou evenness index of birds were 1.97±0.32,0.76±0.1 and 0.63±0.09respectively.There was a significant correlation between the number of bird species and soil moisture(F=5.721,P=0.0378,R~2=0.3003).2.A total of 4,708 birds of 34 species,belonging to 11 orders and 19 families,were recorded in Madika Wetland National Nature Reserve in warm season.Passeriformes have the absolute superiority in the number of species,with a total of 7 families and 15 species,followed by Anthiformes and Charadriformes.Anthiformes had the largest number of individuals;The average diversity index(H),average evenness index(E)and average dominance index(C)in warm season were 1.80±0.34,0.63±0.13 and 0.73±0.12 respectively.Soil temperature(ST)and bird diversity index(H)(F=8.501,P=0.01542,R~2=0.4054)and dominance index(C)(F=5.927,P=0.03517)in the warm season of Medica,R~2=0.3094)and evenness index(E)(F=7.317,P=0.02212,R~2=0.3648)were significantly positively correlated.Soil temperature was negatively correlated with the number of individual birds(F=9.117,P=0.01291,R~2=0.4246).3.In the cold season,4708 birds,belonging to 8 orders and 14 families,were recorded in Madika Wetland National Nature Reserve.Ppasserine birds are the dominant species,with 14 species belonging to 7 families,followed by Anthiformes with 7 species belonging to 1 family,and Aconiformes with 5 species.Anatidae had the largest number of cold-season individuals,with 3,542 recorded,followed by Finches with 2,852,followed by Charadriiformes with 1,170.The average diversity index(H),average evenness index(E)and average dominance index(C)of birds in the cold season of Medica were 1.66±0.30,0.63±0.10and 0.71±0.09,respectively.There was a positive correlation between altitude and number of birds in cold season(F=11.93,P=0.00619,R~2=0.4983).There was a positive correlation between soil moisture and bird species in cold season(F=11.93,P=0.00619,R~2=0.4983).4.In this study,a new distribution record of Sturnus cineraceus and Sturnus vulgaris was found in Madika Wetland National Nature Reserve,Tibet.