| Objectives This study investigated and analyzed the situation of Maladaptation to high altitude(plateau decline)among cadres and workers in 7 prefectural cities of Tibet Autonomous Region,especially the basic situation of sleep quality and cognitive ability of people living on the highaltitude areas,and explored the related influencing factors.To provide baseline survey data for further research of Maladaptation to high altitude(plateau decline)among residents in the plateau region,and to provide theoretical basis for the mechanism research of Maladaptation to high altitude(plateau decline).Methods The self-designed questionnaire,Pittsburgh sleep quality index scale(PSQI)and Raven standard reasoning test(SPM)are used to this investigate in 7 prefectural cities of Tibet Autonomous Region(Lhasa,Shigatse,Nyingchi,Shannan,Nagqu,Ngari Prefecture)of the cadres and workers in a random cluster sampling method from the fill in the questionnaire of type.The data was double-entered into Excel 2010,and SPSS 25.0 software was used for data analysis.The descriptive analysis of general situation was carried out,the chi-square test of counting data was carried out,the rank sum test of measurement data was carried out,and the multi-factor correlation analysis was carried out by Logistic regression analysis.P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.Results 1.Maladaptation to high altitude(plateau decline):(1)General situation: A total of 3,901 people were included in the study and analysis of this part.Among them,there were 2,107(0.54)Tibetan residents and 1,794(0.46)Han residents in the plateau.The sex structure was 1,994 males(0.51)and 1,907 females(0.49).Age structure: 20 to 57 years old(34.45±8.11).(2)Maladaptation to high altitude(plateau decline): 60.10% of the Tibetan and 73.20% of the Han migrated people were maladapted to the plateau,respectively.The adaptation of the four systems of the resident Tibetans is better than that of the migrant Han.(3)Influencing factors: the type of residents,age and residence years on the plateau had significant effects on the plateau adaptation(P < 0.001),while gender had no effect on the plateau adaptation(P > 0.05).2.Sleep:(1)General information: A total of 3,074 people were included in the investigation and analysis of this part,including 1588 males(0.52)and 1486 females(0.48).The population structure of the plateau:1,667(0.54)Tibetans and 1,407(0.46)Han migrants;Age structure: 20 to57 years old(32.41±7.73);Duration of residence on the plateau: 0.02 to 56years(19.64±13.71).(2)Sleep quality: The survey found that the average PSQI score of cadres and workers in Tibet Autonomous Region was 6.45±3.31,which was higher than the average PSQI score of residents in the plain area of3.69±2.57.The detection rate of low sleep quality was 55.92%,47.15% in Tibetan and 66.31% in migrant Han.The score of PSQI of the resident Tibetans was lower than that of the migrant Han,and the scores of 7components were all lower than that of the migrant Han.When the altitude is above 3500 m,the higher the altitude,the worse the sleep quality is.(3)Influent factors: the type,age,region and altitude of residents in the plateau had significant effects on sleep quality(P < 0.001),while the years of residence in the plateau had significant effects on the sleep quality(P < 0.05),while gender had no effect on sleep quality(P > 0.05).3.Level of intelligence:(1)General situation: A total of 2136 people were included in this part of the study,with an average SPM score of39.76±12.44.The structure of residents in the plateau was as following:1086(0.51)Tibetans and 1050(0.49)Han migrants.Gender structure:1097 males(0.51),1039 females(0.49);Age structure: 20 to 57 years old(32.08±7.47);Educational background: 14 persons with doctor's degree(0.01),156 persons with master's degree(0.07),1401 persons with bachelor's degree(0.66),447 persons with junior college degree(0.21),118 persons with technical secondary school/high school degree or below(0.05);Educational experience: 1341 people(0.63)have education experience in flatlands/abroad,795 people(0.37)have no education experience in flatlands /abroad;Sleep structure: 965 patients(0.45)had good sleep quality,and 1175 patients(0.55)had poor sleep quality.The distribution structure of samples in different regions: 418(0.20)in Ngari Prefecture,105(0.05)in Qamdo,373(0.17)in Lhasa,389(0.18)in Nyingchi,296(0.14)in Nagqu,235(0.11)in Shigatse,320(0.15)in Shannan Prefecture.The distribution structure of the samples at different altitudes was as follows: 389(0.18)at 2500-2999 m M,105(0.05)at 3000-3499 m M,693(0.32)at 3500-3999 m M,and 296(0.14)at 4500-4999 m M.(2)Cognitive intelligence: 77(4%)were excellent,279(13%)were good,1386(65%)were moderate,and 394(18%)were low.The scores of SPM and 5 abilities of the resident Tibetans were lower than those of the migrant Han.The scores of SPM and 5 abilities of males were higher than those of females.Higher education and plain/foreign education experience of the SPM and 5 abilities scored high.(3)Influencing factors: The type of residents in the plateau,education background and whether they had plain/foreign school experience had significant effects on SPM score(P < 0.001).Gender and altitude of 2500-2999 m had significant effects on SPM score(P < 0.05),while sleep condition,living area and altitude of 3000-5000 m had no effects on SPM score(P > 0.05).Conclusions Long-term living in the environment of low pressure and low oxygen on the plateau has a certain degree of influence on the body's sleep,intellectual cognitive ability and altitude adaptation.1.Maladaptation to high altitude(plateau decline): The survey found that the rate of Maladaptation to high altitude(plateau decline)among cadres and workers in Tibet Autonomous Region was at a high level.The type,age and residence years of the residents on the plateau all have different effects on the maladaptation of each system,and the type of the residents on the plateau is the most important factor.Age is mainly associated with self-induced dyspnea in the respiratory system.Years of residence on the plateau were associated with self-reported dyspnea,purple lips or red cheeks,and self-reported decreased appetite.2.Sleep quality: The sleep quality of cadres and workers in Tibet Autonomous Region is worse than that of the residents in the domestic plain area,and the detection rate of those with low sleep quality is higher than that of the working population in the foreign plain area.The type of residents,age,years of living in the plateau,region and altitude all have different effects on the sleep quality of the plateau population,among which the type of residents is the most important factor.The sleep quality of the Tibetan is better than that of the Han,and the sleep quality becomes worse with the increase of age.The longer the number of years of living on the plateau,the worse the quality of sleep.3.Intellectual and cognitive ability: The intelligence level of cadres and workers in Tibet Autonomous Region is mostly concentrated in the middle level.The type,sex,educational background and schooling experience of the residents in the plateau are related to the intelligence level.No matter living in Tibetan or migrating Han,the low oxygen environment on the plateau has a greater impact on the intelligence level.The SPM scores of the resident Tibetans were lower than those of the migrant Han.The scores of SPM and intelligence structure in males were higher than those in females.The scores of SPM and intelligence structure in higher education were higher than those in lower education.The scores of SPM and intelligence structure of the group with plain/foreign education experience were higher than those of the group without plain/foreign education experience.The SPM scores of good sleepers tended to be higher than those of poor sleepers. |
PDF Full Text Request