Study On Assessment And Optimal Regulation Of Solar Energy Resources In Karst Rural Area

The control of rocky desertification in southern China has achieved stage results,and the Fifth Plenary Session of the 19th Central Committee of the Party called for the scientific advancement of comprehensive control of rocky desertification.The optimization of karst rural energy consumption structure is one of the important measures for the prevention and control of rocky desertification,and it is of great significance to realize the coordinated development of energy-economy-environment and rural revitalization.According to theories such as geography,environmental science,regional economics and other disciplines,human-land relationship system,sustainable development,3E system and other theories,the scientific and technological problems of the lack of feasibility analysis indicators for solar energy utilization in karst rural areas and the single and low-efficiency utilization technology are aimed at.In the Guizhou plateau mountainous area,which represents the overall structure of karst landforms and rocky desertification types in southern China,Shibing Karst,Bijie Sala Stream and Zhenfeng-Guanling Huajiang River were selected as the research demonstration areas.From 2018 to2021,23 villages in the study area were surveyed.Investigation,questionnaire survey and weather monitoring data collection,using survey analysis methods,climatological calculation methods,participatory rural evaluation and other methods,focusing on rural solar energy resource evaluation and optimization of basic frontier research,common key technology research and development,application demonstration and industrialization promotion Carry out full-chain design,integrated deployment,and sub-module advancement for systematic research.Through the assessment of the potential of solar energy resources in karst rural areas,it focuses on the feasibility of solar energy utilization of different rocky desertification grades,integrates key technologies for solar energy utilization,and conducts application demonstration and verification.The national rocky desertification control rural energy structure optimization and low-carbon community construction provide scientific and technological reference.(1)The total solar radiation and sunshine hours in Karst rural areas are unevenly distributed in time and space,and summer is the most abundant.From the perspective of the spatial distribution of annual average total solar radiation and annual average sunshine hours,it shows a trend of gradual decrease from west to east.The Zhenfeng-Guanling Huajiang research area is the largest,the Bijie Salarxi research area is the second,and Shi Bing The karst study area is the smallest;from the perspective of monthly changes in total solar radiation,the total solar radiation changes in the three study areas show a single peak,with the smallest in January,the largest in July and August;the highest in summer,followed by spring,and the smallest in autumn and winter.From the perspective of annual changes,the total radiation in the Shibing Karst study area was the lowest in 2017,and then gradually increased;the annual change trend of the total solar radiation in the Bijie Saraxi and Zhenfeng-Guanling Huajiang study areas showed a"W"shape.The monthly change trends of sunshine hours and sunshine percentages in the three study areas are the same,reaching the maximum in July and August,and the lowest value in January,showing the characteristics of unimodal;the highest in spring and summer,the smallest in autumn and winter;the sum of annual sunshine hours The change trend of annual sunshine percentage is roughly the same as that of annual total solar radiation.(2)The solar energy resources in karst rural areas belong to the general grade area,and have great utilization potential in summer.The solar energy resources in Zhenfeng-Guanling Huajiang are rich and stable,with the highest utilization potential,and the most suitable months are mainly from April to August;Salaxi and Shibing Karst in Bijie are of general resource grade,and the solar energy resources are unstable,which has the greatest utilization potential in summer.(3)The utilization of solar energy resources in karst rural areas has high feasibility.The three research areas can choose different solar energy utilization methods in terms of natural resources,social economy,energy utilization structure and environmental status.Zhenfeng-Guanling Huajiang Research Area is suitable for the development of large-scale photovoltaic power stations and household photovoltaic roofs,and it is feasible to construct a comprehensive solar energy utilization system;Bijie Salarxi Research Area is developing small-scale solar energy equipment,combined with coal utilization in winter.Feasibility:The Shibing Karst Research Area uses small solar equipment to build a wind-solar complementary or a light-marsh complementary utilization model,and designs solar street lights,landscape mosquito killers and other products with regional characteristics.(4)Integrate technical systems such as solar photothermal utilization,photoelectric utilization,anti-blocking device of solar water heater,dirt treatment method and comprehensive utilization of energy system in karst rural areas.Through the study of solar energy resources and socio-economic conditions,the problems and deficiencies in the use of solar energy were found.The existing mature photovoltaic technology,solar micro-power sewage treatment technology and photothermal technology in karst rural areas were systematically summarized,and the technical systems such as solar photothermal utilization,solar photovoltaic utilization,anti-blocking device and dirt treatment method of solar water heater and comprehensive utilization of energy system were integrated.Choose photoelectric dual-purpose solar water heater and landscape solar mosquito killing lamp in Shibing karst demonstration site without potential rocky desertification,supplemented by biogas fermentation technology;Choose solar water heater,courtyard lighting and coal-saving return air stove at the potential-mild rocky desertification demonstration site in Salaxi,Bijie;There are abundant solar energy resources in Zhenfeng-Guanling Huajiang-strong rocky desertification demonstration site,and a comprehensive utilization system of solar energy with photovoltaic roof,solar water heater,courtyard lighting lamp and solar street lamp as the main body is constructed for demonstration.After the demonstration,the indoor environment was obviously improved,which reduced CO₂ and SO₂ and saved energy expenditure.The research on solar energy utilization technology is mainly from the point of view of living energy.In the future,solar energy can be combined with planting and animal husbandry and applied to rocky desertification control.It is a problem to be solved to realize the sustainable development of karst rural ecology and economy.